Table 1 Body weight, blood lipids, and cytokine profiles.

From: Endurance exercise ameliorates Western diet–induced atherosclerosis through modulation of microbiota and its metabolites

 

WT CD

ApoE CD

ApoE WD

ApoE WD EX

Body weight (g)

Basal

23.1 ± 0.5a

24.1 ± 0.3b

22.5 ± 0.1a

23.5 ± 0.3ab

Final

27.7 ± 0.4a

26.4 ± 0.4a

35.0 ± 0.9c

30.6 ± 0.7b

Body weight change (%)

20.6 ± 3.6b

9.7 ± 2.4a

55.6 ± 4.7c

30.3 ± 2.5b

Food intake (g/day)

3.9 ± 0.6b

3.8 ± 0.3b

3.1 ± 0.4a

2.7 ± 0.3a

Calorie (kcal/day)

11.8 ± 0.9a

11.5 ± 0.9a

14.3 ± 1.8b

12.9 ± 1.4ab

Blood cholesterol (mg/dL)

Basal

76.8 ± 2.5a

594.7 ± 53.8b

535.2 ± 31.7b

578.3 ± 67.2b

Final

74.8 ± 1.4a

700.8 ± 34.5b

1106.0 ± 126.2c

1445.0 ± 33.8d

Blood triacylglycerol (mg/dL)

Basal

123.2 ± 8.9a

176.1 ± 9.9b

176.2 ± 10.3b

181.2 ± 3.8b

Final

85.3 ± 5.3a

127.3 ± 7.5b

183.8 ± 23.3c

209.2 ± 7.8c

LDL (mg/dL)

6.0 ± 0.6a

489.8 ± 60.0b

954.3 ± 111.5c

1277.0 ± 68.9d

HDL (mg/dL)

65.1 ± 1.6a

73.6 ± 3.4a

210.3 ± 40.7b

400.2 ± 21.3c

TNF-α (pg/mL)

1.2 ± 0.2a

1.6 ± 0.4ab

5.4 ± 0.6c

2.8 ± 0.5b

  1. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Different superscript (a, b, c, d) letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in one-way ANOVA. Body weight changes were calculated using the ratio of the baseline weight to the final body weight.
  2. LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein.