Figure 3

Dynamic mid-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after conventional robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP): at rest (A) and with abdominal pressure (B). Dynamic mid-sagittal MRI after Retzius-sparing RARP: at rest (C) and with abdominal pressure (D). The thickness of the external urethral sphincter (two-headed red arrow) defined as the distance from the lowest point of the pubic bone to the anterior edge of the rectal wall (blue dashed line) was measured at rest and with abdominal pressure (orange arrow). The external urethral sphincter is indicated by the box surrounded by the red dashed line.