Table 1 Descriptive statistics.
From: Exploring agricultural land-use and childhood malaria associations in sub-Saharan Africa
Malaria (-ve) | Malaria (+ ve) | |
|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic variables | ||
Total sample (n) (%) | 18,712 (77.85%) | 5322 (22.14%) |
Age (years) (VIF = 1.03) | ||
Mean | 2.35 | 2.52 |
SD | 1.49 | 1.39 |
Cluster type (n) (%) (VIF = 1.39) | ||
Urban | 7500 (40.08%) | 1126 (21.16%) |
Rural | 11,212 (59.92%) | 4196 (78.84%) |
Country (n) (%) | ||
Angola | 1176 (6.28%) | 184 (3.46%) |
Burkina Faso | 417 (2.23%) | 843 (15.84%) |
Benin | 958 (5.12%) | 260 (4.89%) |
Burundi | 1800 (9.62%) | 227 (4.27%) |
Cote D’Ivoire | 637 (3.40%) | 407 (7.65%) |
Ghana | 344 (1.84%) | 273 (5.13%) |
Guinea | 391 (2.09%) | 167 (3.14%) |
Mali | 900 (4.81%) | 466 (8.76%) |
Mozambique | 1261 (6.74%) | 634 (11.91%) |
Nigeria | 1901 (10.16%) | 1448 (27.21%) |
Senegal | 5906 (31.56%) | 129 (2.42%) |
Tanzania | 3021 (16.14%) | 284 (5.34%) |
Dwelling sprayed in last 12 months (n) (%) (VIF = 1.02) | ||
Yes | 16,980 (90.74%) | 5034 (94.59%) |
No | 1732 (9.26%) | 288 (5.41%) |
Mothers education (n) (%) (VIF = 1.02) | ||
No education | 18,514 (98.94%) | 5283 (99.27%) |
Primary | 196 (1.05%) | 38 (0.71%) |
Secondary and Higher | 2 (0.01%) | 10.02%) |
Population density ((number of persons per km2) (VIF = 1.34) | ||
Mean | 858.94 | 303.67 |
SD | 2106.17 | 867.49 |
Sanitation (n) (%) (VIF = 1.79) | ||
Improved | 11,355 (60.68%) | 2417 (45.42%) |
Unimproved | 7357 (39.31%) | 2905 (54.58%) |
Sex (n) (%) (VIF = 1.00) | ||
Female | 9461 (50.56%) | 2743 (51.54%) |
Male | 9251 (49.43%) | 2579 (48.46%) |
Used a bed net (n) (%) (VIF = 1.02) | ||
Did not use a bed net | 7501 (40.09%) | 2273 (42.71%) |
Some children used a bed net | 2152 (11.50%) | 663 (12.46%) |
All children used a bed net | 9059 (48.41%) | 2386 (44.83%) |
Wealth index (n) (%) (VIF = 1.42) | ||
1 = Poorest | 3390 (18.12%) | 1386 (26.04%) |
2 = Poorer | 3519 (18.81%) | 1309 (24.60%) |
3 = Middle | 3739 (19.98%) | 1244 (23.37%) |
4 = Richer | 4097 (21.90%) | 903 (16.97%) |
5 = Richest | 3967 (21.20%) | 480 (9.02%) |
Water source (n) (%) (VIF = 1.92) | ||
Improved | 9359 (50.02%) | 1063 (19.97%) |
Unimproved | 9353 (49.98%) | 4259 (80.03%) |
Year (n) (%) (VIF = 1.09) | ||
2010 | 1578 (8.43%) | 1407 (26.44%) |
2011 | 2087 (11.15%) | 683 (12.83%) |
2012 | 4641 (24.80%) | 1340 (25.18%) |
2013 | 1549 (8.28%) | 215 (4.04%) |
2014 | 1966 (10.51%) | 296 (5.56%) |
2015 | 6891 (36.83%) | 1381 (25.95%) |
Environmental variables | ||
Elevation (m) (VIF = 1.58) | ||
Mean | 453.54 | 392.50 |
SD | 595.10 | 367.20 |
Forest loss (%) (VIF = 1.16) | ||
Mean | 0.15 | 0.18 |
SD | 0.36 | 0.43 |
Mean temperature (°C) (VIF = 1.48) | ||
Mean | 24.93 | 25.33 |
SD | 3.47 | 2.59 |
Precipitation (mm) (VIF = 1.13) | ||
Mean | 77.57 | 86.09 |
SD | 91.77 | 98.48 |
Agricultural land use variables | ||
Crop-dominated mosaics (%) (VIF = 1.16) | ||
Mean | 5.96 | 7.31 |
SD | 9.22 | 9.19 |
Forest cover (%) (VIF = 1.38) | ||
Mean | 12.84 | 16.41 |
SD | 13.42 | 16.25 |
Irrigated/post-flooding cropland (%) (VIF = 1.10) | ||
Mean | 2.53 | 2.77 |
SD | 9.37 | 11.46 |
Rainfed cropland (%) (VIF = 1.15) | ||
Mean | 26.29 | 35.17 |
SD | 27.84 | 30.53 |
Veg-dominated mosaics (%) (VIF = 1.22) | ||
Mean | 3.57 | 5.93 |
SD | 6.52 | 9.49 |
