Table 1 Patient characteristics and perioperative data.

From: Anxiolytic effects of chewing gum during preoperative fasting and patient-centered outcome in female patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery: randomized controlled study

Parameter

Control group

(N = 47)

Gum group

(N = 46)

Age (years), mean (SD)

42.9 (10.2)

43.8 (10.9)

Height (cm), mean (SD)

159.2 (5.0)

160.3 (6.0)

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

59.5 (8.4)

57.8 (6.9)

Body mass index (kg m−2), median [IQR]

22.5 [21.1–25.9]

22.4 [21.0–24.0]

ASA physical status (I; II), n/total N (%)

27/47 (57%); 20/47 (43%)

27/46 (59%); 19/46 (41%)

Occupation, n/total N (%)

  Housewife

21/41 (51%)

21/42 (50%)

  Clerical worker

10/41 (24%)

9/42 (21%)

  Service worker

4/41 (10%)

2/42 (5%)

  Professionals

3/41 (7%)

6/42 (14%)

  Student

0/41(0.0%)

2/42 (5%)

  Retired or unemployed

3/41 (7%)

2/42 (5%)

Marital status, n/total N (%)

  Married

36/47 (77%)

30/46 (65%)

  Unmarried, divorced, or bereaved

11/47 (23%)

16/46 (35%)

Malignancy, n/total N (%)

17/47 (36%)

19/46 (41%)

History of previous surgery, n/total N (%)

  0

13/47 (28%)

12/46 (26%)

  1–2

31/47 (66%)

28/46 (61%)

   ≥ 3

3/47 (6%)

6/46 (13%)

History of previous anesthesia, n/total N (%)

  General anesthesia

22/47 (47%)

22/46 (48%)

  Regional anesthesia

10/47 (21%)

9/46 (20%)

  MAC

2/47 (4%)

3/46 (7%)

Anxiety about upcoming surgery and anesthesia procedures, median [IQR]

2 [0–5]

2 [0–5]

Fasting time (h), median [IQR]

19.7 [18.0–21.6]

21.7 [18.3–24.1]

Extents of surgery, n/total N (%)

  Ovarian cystectomy

4/47 (9%)

9/46 (20%)

  Salpingo-oophorectomy

8/47 (17%)

9/46 (20%)

  Myomectomy

8/47 (17%)

7/46 (15%)

  Hysterectomy

24/47 (51%)

17/46 (37%)

  Miscellaneous

3/47 (6%)

4/46 (9%)

Surgical access, n/total N (%)

  Single port laparoscopic surgery

7/47 (15%)

6/46 (13%)

  Dual port laparoscopic surgery

14/47 (30%)

23/46 (50%)

  Conventional laparoscopic surgery

15/47 (32%)

16/46 (35%)

  Robot assisted laparoscopic surgery

11/47 (23%)

1/46 (2%)

Anesthetic time (min), mean (SD)

144.0 (51.1)

133.4 (38.7)

Crystalloid (mL), mean (SD)

778.7 (303.9)

685.9 (226.2)

Estimated blood loss (mL), median [IQR]

50 [50–100]

100 [50–150]

Urine output (mL), median [IQR]

100 [0–120]

50 [0–120]

Opioid (MED), median [IQR]

6.01 [3.35–9.34]

6.64 [3.33–10.02]

  1. Anxiety about upcoming surgery and anesthesia procedures was rated using a numeric rating scale (NRS), 0–10.
  2. ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, IQR interquartile range, MAC monitored anesthesia care, MED morphine equivalent dose, SD standard deviation. Denominators that do not equal the sample sizes are due to missing data.
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