Table 2 Objective performance metrics results. Statistically significant results (\(\alpha =0.05\)) were highlighted in bold.
From: A neurotechnological aid for semi-autonomous suction in robotic-assisted surgery
Type | Name | Mean (std), N=10 | T-test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autonomy | Manual | T-statistic | p-value | ||
Time | Clutching time (s) | 2.96 (6.51) | 14.84 (11.33) | − 3.211 | p < 0.1 |
completion time (s) | 334.11 (141.61) | 486.19 (210.36) | − 4.480 | p < 0.01 | |
Collaboration | Concurrent activity (%) | 0.23 (0.07) | 0 (0) | 9.907 | p < 0.01 |
Psm1 idle time (%) | 0.21 (0.08) | 0.48 (0.09) | − 9.139 | p < 0.001 | |
Psm2 idle time (%) | 0.37 (0.15) | 0.55 (0.13) | − 9.014 | p < 0.001 | |
Psm3 idle time (%) | 0.7 (0.08) | 0.82 (0.05) | − 3.047 | 0.014 | |
Motion | Psm1 velocity (cm/s) | 0.98 (0.24) | 0.72 (0.2) | 4.776 | p < 0.001 |
Psm2 velocity (cm/s) | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.56 (0.19) | 6.853 | p < 0.001 | |
Psm3 velocity (cm/s) | 0.65 (0.17) | 0.37 (0.09) | 3.977 | p < 0.01 | |
Events | Tool changing events | 0.8 (1.23) | 11.2 (8.57) | − 4.221 | p < 0.01 |
Clutching events | 0 (0) | 3.7 (2.75) | − 4.254 | p < 0.01 | |
Blood | Percentage blood (%) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.593 | 0.568 |
