Table 3 Nasa-TLX results and measured cognitive workload. Statistically significant results (\(\alpha =0.05\)) were highlighted in bold. The NASA-TLX is a 10-point Likert scale questionnaire that divides the workload demands into 6 components: effort, frustration, mental demand, performance, physical demand, and temporal demand.
From: A neurotechnological aid for semi-autonomous suction in robotic-assisted surgery
Type | Component | Mean (std), N=10 | T-test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autonomy | Manual | t-statistic | p-value | ||
Nasa-TLX | Effort | 4.25 (2.81) | 6.05 (2.44) | − 5.125 | p < 0.001 |
Frustration | 3.40 (2.09) | 5.95 (2.09) | − 5.517 | p < 0.001 | |
Mental demand | 4.30 (2.75) | 6.45 (2.20) | − 5.018 | p < 0.001 | |
Performance | 2.65 (2.27) | 3.90 (2.61) | − 3.926 | p < 0.01 | |
Physical Demand | 4.55 (2.66) | 6.15 (3.10) | − 3.320 | p < 0.01 | |
Temporal Demand | 3.85 (2.33) | 6.60 (1.96) | − 6.942 | p < 0.001 | |
WorkloadScore | 23.00 (12.41) | 35.10 (11.56) | − 6.181 | p < 0.001 | |
Workload prediction | Cognitive Index | 0.527 (0.254) | 0.585 (0.230) | − 1.666 | 0.14 |
