Figure 3

Heatmaps of genes dysregulated in DPN individuals that encode for (A) ion channels and (B) G protein coupled receptors. Ion channels and GPCR signaling can affect nociceptor firing. Transcription factors can alter the expression of key ion channels and GPCRs that can subsequently promote nociceptor hyperactivity. Kinases can modify the activity of ion channels and GPCRs through post-translational phosphorylation to then regulate the sensitivity to noxious stimuli in nociceptors.