Table 2 Parameter estimates of regression coefficient and the means or proportions of predictors for CKD from the final multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model.
Risk factor | \(\widehat{{\varvec{\beta}}}\)(\(\widehat{{\varvec{S}}{\varvec{E}}}\)) | Mean or proportion | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Age | 0.03 (0.01) | 59.23 | 1.03 (1.03, 1.04) | < 0.001 |
Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) (< 1 year as reference) | ||||
1–5 | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.45 | 1.06 (0.86, 1.30) | 0.56 |
> 5 | 0.24 (0.11) | 0.30 | 1.28 (1.03, 1.58) | 0.02 |
Renal function markers | ||||
eGFR (≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m2 as reference) | 0.84 (0.08) | 0.40 | 2.31 (1.96, 2.71) | < 0.001 |
ACR (< 30 mg/g as reference) | 1.05 (0.07) | 0.23 | 2.87 (2.48, 3.31) | < 0.001 |
Lipid profiles | ||||
HDL-C (male ≥ 40 / female ≥ 50 mg/dl as reference) | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.56 | 1.20 (1.03, 1.39) | 0.02 |
Triglyceride (< 150 mg/dL as reference) | 0.31 (0.08) | 0.37 | 1.37 (1.18, 1.59) | < 0.001 |
Variation in glycemic factors | ||||
Variation of HbA1c (%), (≤ 3.9% as reference) | ||||
4.0–8.0 | 0.19 (0.09) | 0.33 | 1.22 (1.01, 1.46) | 0.04 |
> 8.0 | 0.31 (0.10) | 0.33 | 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) | 0.003 |
Variation of fasting plasma glucose (%), (≤ 10.7% as reference) | ||||
10.8–20.3 | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.33 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | 0.34 |
> 20.3 | 0.34 (0.11) | 0.33 | 1.40 (1.14, 1.73) | 0.002 |
Baseline diabetes-related disorders or complications | ||||
Diabetes retinopathy | 0.29 (0.09) | 0.20 | 1.34 (1.13, 1.58) | < 0.001 |
Medication use | ||||
Insulin use | 0.39 (0.11) | 0.08 | 1.50 (1.21, 1.86) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension drug use | 0.20 (0.07) | 0.37 | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 0.005 |
