Table 1 Demographic characteristics and systemic profiles of the subjects.
Variables | Total (n = 108) | Early AMD (n = 36) | Late AMD (n = 36) | Control (n = 36) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||||
(Mean ± SD) | 64.3 ± 8.3 | 66.6 ± 7.1 | 68.7 ± 5.1 | 57.6 ± 8.1 | < 0.001a |
Sex (n, %) | |||||
Male | 47 (43.5) | 15 (41.7) | 22 (61.1) | 10 (27.8) | 0.016b |
Female | 61 (56.5) | 21 (58.3) | 14 (38.9) | 26 (72.2) | |
Race (n, %) | |||||
Malay | 92 (85.2) | 29 (80.6) | 29 (80.6) | 34 (94.4) | 0.160b |
Chinese | 16 (14.8) | 7 (19.4) | 7 (19.4) | 2 (5.6) | |
Lifestyle (n, %) | |||||
Cigarette-smoking | |||||
Active smoker | 16 (14.8) | 6 (16.7) | 6 (16.7) | 4 (11.1) | 0.038b |
Ex-smoker | 15 (13.9) | 3 (8.3) | 10 (27.8) | 2 (5.6) | |
Alcohol use history | |||||
Social drinker | 8 (7.4) | 1 (2.8) | 6 (16.7) | 1 (2.8) | 0.048c |
Comorbidity (n, %) | |||||
Dyslipidemia | 35 (32.4) | 14 (38.9) | 14 (38.9) | 7 (19.4) | 0.126b |
Hypertension | 57 (52.8) | 19 (52.8) | 22 (61.1) | 16 (44.4) | 0.367b |
IHD | 9 (8.4) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (8.3) | > 0.99c |
DM | 37 (34.3) | 13 (36.1) | 11 (30.6) | 13 (36.1) | 0.848b |
CKD | 8 (7.4) | 7 (19.4) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 0.005c |
