Table 4 Factors associated with death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Italian national database.

From: COVID-19 mortality in Italy varies by patient age, sex and pandemic wave

Feature

Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

P-value1

Age group (years)

0–14

0.154 (0.076–0.3118)

2 × 10–7

15–44

1.00

 

45–64

5.49 (4.99–6.03)

 < 2 × 10–16

65–74

18.08 (16.46–19.86)

 < 2 × 10–16

75–84

34.5 (31.4–37.9)

 < 2 × 10–16

85 + 

59.0 (53.8–64.8)

 < 2 × 10–16

Sex

Female

1.00

 

Male

1.44 (1.42–1.47)

 < 2 × 10–16

Pandemic wave

Before June 30, 2020

1.00

 

From July 1 to December 31, 2020

0.713 (0.701–0.725)

 < 2 × 10–16

After December 31, 2020

0.675 (0.663–0.686)

 < 2 × 10–16

  1. Among hospitalized persons, 2448 cases were excluded due to incomplete or erroneous data, for a total of 412,942 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects analyzed and 85,503 deaths within 30 days of diagnosis.
  2. 1Multivariable weighted Cox analysis (non-proportional hazards model).
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