Table 1 Geographical and meteorological characteristics for the studied stations.

From: Calibration and validation of the Angstrom–Prescott model in solar radiation estimation using optimization algorithms

Station

Bandar Abbas

Esfahan

Kerman

Mashhad

Shiraz

Yazd

Lat. (°N)

27.19

32.46

30.15

36.16

29.53

31.88

Lon. (°E)

56.3

51.6

56.5

59.38

52.58

54.35

Elev. (M)

17

159

175

999

1486

1222

Maximum temperature (°C)

47

43

41.4

43.4

42.4

45.6

Minimum temperature (°C)

2.6

− 19.3

− 23.2

− 21.37

− 9

− 6.7

Average sunshine (H)

8.44

8.6

8.17

7.27

8.96

8.94

Average Rs (MJ M−2 Day−1)

19.01

16.74

18.77

16.24

19.78

19.46

RH (%)

63.40

35.92

38.4

53.98

40.54

28.81

Calibration period

1992–2012

1992–2012

1992–2012

1992–2012

1992–2012

1992–2012

Climate

Semi-arid

Arid

Arid

Semi-arid

Semi-arid

Arid

Validation period

2013–2017

2013–2017

2013–2017

2013–2017

2013–2017

2013–2017