Table 1 Overview of experimental conditions in the different studies.
From: A mixed-methods exploration of virtual reality as a tool to promote green exercise
Study | Design | Condition’s name (n) | Description | Duration | Activity level (Mnd [IQR]) | Cybersickness (Mnd [IQR]) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study 138 Data collected in May 2017 | RCT with cross-over design and counterbalanced administration of conditions (15- to 30-min wash-out period). Participants visited the location in reality prior the experimentation | Sedentary*unstable 360° video (n = 26)a | VR exposure while sitting on a chair | 10 min | Sedentary (RPE = 8.00 [6.00–11.00]) | Severe (11pt scale = 8.50 [3.75–10.00]) |
Active*unstable video (n = 26)a | VR exposure while walking on a manually-driven treadmill | 10 min | Light-intensity (RPE = 11.00 [9.00–13.00]) | Severe (11pt scale = 7.50 [6.00–9.00]) | ||
Study 239 Data collected in June-October 2018 | Single blind RCT with parallel groups (randomization based on pre-established order) | Sedentary*unstable 360° video (n = 25) | VR containing oscillations on the horizontal and vertical axis (e.g., due to cameramen locomotion and unwanted vibrations) | 10 min | Sedentary | Severe (SSQ = 33.66 [14.96–99.11]) |
Sedentary*stable 360° video (n = 25) | VR containing almost no oscillations by using a dolly and an electronic gimbal while recording | 10 min | Sedentary | Concerning (SSQ = 18.70 [1.87–35.53]) | ||
Study 340 Data collected in August-December 2020 | Single blind RCT with parallel groups (“pick from a hat” randomization). Participants were exposed to stress-elicitation prior the condition by viewing a 2′50’’ film clip (Ray & Gross, 2007) | Active*stable 360° video (n = 20) | VR developed as a 360° video whilst walking on a manually-driven treadmill | 10 min | Light-intensity (RPE = 9.50 [7.00–13.00]) | Severe (SSQ = 24.31 [15.43–33.66]) |
Active*stable 3D model (n = 19) | VR developed as a 3D model whilst walking on a manually-driven treadmill | 10 min | Light-intensity (RPE = 12.00 [10.00–13.00]) | Some. symptoms (SSQ = 14.96 [11.22–33.66]) | ||
Control (n = 21) | Walk on a treadmill whilst staring a blank wall | 10 min | Light-intensity (RPE = 11.00 [8.00–13.00]) | Some symptoms (SSQ = 11.22 [3.74- 22.44]) |
