Figure 4


Biological networks for respiratory effects of formaldehyde exposure. (a) Genes with respiratory system expression information. Among the common DEGs, only genes with expression information in major respiratory organs were selected using Pathway Studio (version 12.3). (b) Gene–gene interaction network. Topological parameters among the genes were calculated using Cytoscape (version 3.7.2). (c) Formaldehyde-related major cell processes and respiratory diseases. (d) Respiratory system-related biological network associated with formaldehyde exposure. The biological network was constructed based on the results of the previous network analysis. Red and blue highlights, respectively, indicate up- and downregulated DEGs.