Figure 3

The inference of the prevalence-varying infection rate \(\beta (I^U)\) of 11 countries. The complex COVID-19 contagion is modeled using the undocumented infection prevalence and density-varying function, which is inferred by the SUDR model through HMC sampling. This box and whisker plot depicts the significant descriptive statistics of the infection rate, including the median, the minimum, the maximum, the lower quartile, and the upper quartile. The distribution of the sampled infection rates and skewness are visually shown by displaying the quartiles and median. Here, we only overlay the medians (the red bar) for the purpose of conciseness.