Table 3 Sex-stratified associations of PA with HOMA-IR according to the changes in PA level.

From: Association between physical activity and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance independent of waist circumference

 

Crude model

Age-sex adjusted

Multivariable model

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

Estimate (95% CI)

p value

Total

SM → SM

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

H → SM

0.96 (0.95–0.96)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.94–0.95)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.93–0.94)

< 0.001

SM → H

0.96 (0.95–0.97)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.93–0.95)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.93–0.94)

< 0.001

HEPA → HEPA

0.88 (0.86–0.88)

< 0.001

0.85 (0.84–0.85)

< 0.001

0.86 (0.85–0.87)

< 0.001

Female

SM → SM

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

HEPA → SM

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.94–0.96)

< 0.001

SM → HEPA

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.94–0.96)

< 0.001

HEPA → HEPA

0.89 (0.88–0.9)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.86–0.89)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.86–0.89)

< 0.001

Male

SM → SM

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

HEPA → SM

0.93 (0.92–0.94)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.92–0.94)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.92–0.94)

< 0.001

SM → HEPA

0.93 (0.92–0.93)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.91–0.93)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.92–0.93)

< 0.001

HEPA → HEPA

0.84 (0.83–0.85)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.82–0.84)

< 0.001

0.86 (0.85–0.86)

< 0.001

  1. Estimated value represents exponential coefficient [exp (beta)] from the linear mixed model with random effects.
  2. S, Sedentary, less than 600MET-minutes per week of physical activity; M, Mild physical activity , 600 MET-minutes per week; HEPA, Health-enhancing physical activity, : 3000 MET-minutes per week; CI, confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR; PA, physical activity.
  3. Multivariable Model : Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, level of education, waist circumference, alcohol intake. (for each sex stratified analysis, sex was not adjusted).
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