Table 5 Associations of change in the PA with change in HOMA-IR.

From: Association between physical activity and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance independent of waist circumference

 

Person year

Incident cases

Incidence Rate (per 100 PY)

Crude model

Age-sex adjusted

Multivariable model

Time dependent model

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Incidence of improvementa

SM → SM

82,261.7

16,254

19.8 (19.5–20.1)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

HEPA → SM

9,032.7

1649

18.3 (17.4–19.2)

0.92 (0.88–0.97)

0.002

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.001

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

0.436

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

0.010

SM → HEPA

11,866.8

2758

23.2 (22.4–24.1)

1.18 (1.13–1.23)

 < 0.001

1.18 (1.13–1.23)

 < 0.001

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

 < 0.001

1.21 (1.16–1.26)

 < 0.001

HEPA → HEPA

4,379.8

1012

23.1 (21.7–24.6)

1.19 (1.11–1.26)

 < 0.001

1.18 (1.10–1.25)

 < 0.001

1.11 (1.03–1.21)

0.011

1.15 (1.07–1.23)

 < 0.001

Incidence of progressionb

SM → SM

662,018.9

48,164

7.3 (7.2–7.3)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

HEPA → SM

95,764.2

7125

7.4 (7.3–7.6)

1.01 (0.98–1.03)

0.587

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.466

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.151

1.03 (1.001–1.05)

0.048

SM → HEPA

94,329

6082

6.5 (6.3–6.6)

0.87 (0.85–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.85 (0.83–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.87 (0.84–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.80 (0.78–0.83)

 < 0.001

HEPA → HEPA

53,927.8

3072

5.7 (5.5–5.9)

0.78 (0.75–0.81)

 < 0.001

0.75 (0.73–0.78)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.78–0.85)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.78–0.84)

 < 0.001

  1. Multivariable model : Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, level of education, waist circumference, change of waist circumference (difference between waist circumference in last follow up and baseline), alcohol intake, baseline HOMA-IR.
  2. Time dependent model: Adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, level of education, waist circumference, baseline HOMA-IR, alcohol intake (waist circumference as time-varying covariate).
  3. S, Sedentary, less than 600MET-minutes per week of physical activity; M, Mild physical activity, 600 MET-minutes per week; HEPA, health-enhancing physical activity : 3000 MET-minutes per week; CI, confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR; HR, hazard ratio; PA, physical activity.
  4. aIncidence of improvement; Analyzed among the participants who had HOMA-IR ≥ 2.2 at baseline (n = 38,950).
  5. bIncidence of progression; Analyzed among the participants who had HOMA-IR < 2.2 at baseline (n = 241,244).
Back to article page