Figure 1
From: Theoretical modeling of dendrite growth from conductive wire electro-polymerization
(a) Experimental setup for bipolar electro-polymerization of PEDOT consisting of an aqueous drop containing monomers of PEDOT (EDOT), benzoquinone (BQ) as an oxidizing agent, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) as electrolyte and dopant for the dendritic microstructures. A specific periodic signal is applied on one of the Au wire electrodes, while the other Au wire electrode is at the ground. (b) Optical image of PEDOT morphology during the growth process (extracted from the video). The green circle region represents the particles movement between the electrodes. (c,d) Morphologies of polymerized materials formed for different electrical signals14. (e) Simulation geometry for electro-polymerization by considering motion and attachment of particles on the electrodes. The complete box represents the liquid, gray lines represent the electrodes connected to a specific signal, the white points represent the moving particles, and black points represent the polymerized particles on the electrodes. The spatiotemporal potential map is evaluated based on the applied waveform and modified electrode, simulation parameters are listed in Table 1. (f) The motion of a particle is driven by combined contribution of scattering and electric field motion. The particle is made to move in any direction with the probability based on effective forces. (g) Parameters of the signal applied on the electrodes. (h) With the voltage signal (shown in gray), the voltage experienced at the dielectric surface is calculated based on capacitive-resistance time scales (shown in blue and red).
