Table 1 Development process and details of online positive parenting programme.
Session | Format | Content |
|---|---|---|
1. Empowerment | Large group discussion (whole group) | Sharing parenting experiences, insights, good role models or problems encountered in parenting from each family with the focus on active listening, empathy, increasing self-efficacy and reducing self-blame |
2. Effective communication | Small breakout group discussion and role play | Learning and applying “I message” statements, understanding and reflecting emotions |
3. Behavioural modification | Lecture followed by small breakout group discussion | Principles of behaviour management including modifying antecedents, giving effective instructions, and modifying consequences consisting of reinforcement techniques and appropriate punishment, discipline promotion through the illustration of common behavioural problems |
4. Promoting child’s development and teaching new skills | Lecture and large group discussion | Fundamental knowledge and examples of developmentally appropriate activities to foster development at home during the Covid-19 restriction and lockdown |
5. Fostering development through storytelling | Lecture and large group discussion | Basics to storytelling, choosing books and stories for different ages, experience sharing (pleasant points and pitfalls while telling stories) |
6. Enhancing parental self-care | Self-study video | Promoting self-care to parents with the illustration of Mandala self-care wheel |
7. Parenting styles and importance of daily routine activities | Lecture and case discussion within large group | Exploring different parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and promoting daily routine activities |
8. Summary | Large group discussion | Reflection on lessons learnt and discussion of any further questions through the use of transformative learning theory |
