Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics according to the use of extracorporeal devices.

From: Heat loss augmented by extracorporeal circulation is associated with overcooling in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent targeted temperature management

Variables

Total (N = 235)

No-extracorporeal (N = 183)

Extracorporeal (N = 52)

p

Age, years

60.0 (50.0–70.0)

59.0 (48.0–69.0)

64.0 (54.0–73.8)

0.050

Male, n (%)

175 (74.5)

140 (76.5)

35 (67.3)

0.245

BMI, kg/m2

23.5 (21.0–26.1)

23.5 (21.3–26.0)

23.0 (20.8–26.2)

0.917

CRRT, n (%)

49 (20.9)

0 (0.0)

49 (94.2)

< 0.001

ECMO, n (%)

8 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

8 (15.4)

< 0.001

Preexisting illness, n (%)

 Coronary artery disease

40 (17.0)

28 (15.3)

12 (23.1)

0.268

 Congestive heart failure

7 (3.0)

7 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

0.353

 Hypertension

105 (44.7)

69 (37.7)

36 (69.2)

< 0.001

 Diabetes

74 (31.5)

48 (26.2)

26 (50.0)

0.002

 Pulmonary disease

14 (6.0)

13 (7.1)

1 (1.9)

0.315

 Renal impairment

23 (9.8)

3 (1.6)

20 (38.5)

< 0.001

 Cerebrovascular accident

23 (9.8)

15 (8.2)

8 (15.4)

0.202

 Malignancy

14 (6.0)

12 (6.6)

2 (3.8)

0.741

Cardiac arrest characteristics

 Witness of collapse, n (%)

150 (63.8)

118 (64.5)

32 (61.5)

0.821

 Bystander CPR, n (%)

154 (65.5)

126 (68.9)

28 (53.8)

0.065

 Shockable rhythm, n (%)

91 (38.7)

81 (44.3)

10 (19.2)

0.002

 Cardiac etiology, n (%)

165 (70.2)

127 (69.4)

38 (73.1)

0.734

 Epinephrine, mg

2 (0–4)

2 (0–3)

3 (1–5)

0.001

 Time to ROSC, min

27.0 (17.0–44.0)

26.0 (17.0–42.0)

31.5 (18.0–58.5)

0.237

Clinical characteristics after ROSC

 Glasgow Coma Scale

3 (3–5)

3 (3–5)

3 (3–3)

0.020

 Lactate, mmol/L

8.6 (5.6–12.0)

8.1 (5.4–11.6)

10.5 (6.2–13.8)

0.072

 Glucose, mg/dL

260.0 (189.0–337.0)

259.0 (191.0–326.0)

284.5 (171.0–386.0)

0.267

 PaO2, mmHg

134.0 (86.6–223.6)

138.0 (90.0–223.6)

117.1 (75.3–235.3)

0.200

 PaCO2, mmHg

44.0 (33.0–58.0)

44.0 (33.0–60.0)

44.5 (34.5–56.7)

0.708

 SOFA score

11 (9–13)

10 (9–12)

13 (12–15)

< 0.001

Induction of TTM

 ROSC to TTM, min

271 (216–352)

271 (216–353)

281 (215–350)

0.672

 CT at start TTM, ℃

36.0 (34.8–36.9)

36.3 (35.2–37.0)

35.0 (33.7–36.0)

< 0.001

 Time to target temperature, min

135 (75–210)

150 (90–225)

75 (45–135)

< 0.001

 Cooling rate, ℃/h

1.32 (0.81–2.00), 205*

1.24 (0.77–1.79), 181*

1.77 (1.22–4.20), 24*

0.005

  1. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies with percentages and continuous variables were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges.
  2. BMI body mass index, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, TTM targeted temperature management, CT core temperature.
  3. *included number for analysis.
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