Figure 1

Impaired root growth and morphological characteristics of the pi4kß1ß2 mutant. (a) representative pictures of the apical root parts of 11-day-old seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (WT) and the pi4kß1ß2 mutant: meristem (M), elongation zone (EZ) and differentiation zone (DZ) are marked, scale bar = 100 μm; (b) primary root length, n = 40; (c) length of the meristematic and elongation zones, n = 12, error bars represent mean ± SEM; different letters indicate statistically significant groups, one-way ANOVA with Tukey-HSD post-hoc test (p > 0.05); (d) number of separated cells in the meristem, n = 36; (e) representative images of GUS staining in the root meristem of 4-day-old plants expressing CycB1::GUS, scale bar = 100 μm; (f) relative area of CycB1::GUS expression, % of the meristematic zone; n = 72; (g) representative images of root hair distribution in the DZ of roots, scale bar = 100 μm; (h) root hair length, n = 180; (i) root hair density, n = 90. Central line of the boxplots represents the median, plus represents the mean, circles represent individual values from three biological repeats. p-value was calculated by Student t-test.