Figure 1

Model structure and density plots representing the posterior margins of selected coefficients (on a standardised scale) by sex and sample. In the upper part of the figure, we show the model structure where visualized regression and covariance parameters are depicted as thick arrows with colours corresponding to the respective density plots, while other unidirectional causal relationships are depicted by light grey arrows. All variables in the medium layer of variables (see the model structure) capturing facial colour and morphology are viewed as potentially correlated but shown are only partial correlations which appear in the parameter value distributions. Relationships which appear only in models with shape masculinity/femininity and dominance are marked with a cross ( ×). Four panels of density plots below the diagram of the model structure represent posterior margins for a given country and sex sample. BMI = body mass index; fWHR = facial width to height ratio, SShD = sexual shape dimorphism, DIST = morphological distinctiveness; L*, a*, b* = lightness, redness, yellowness (CIELab L*a*b*); Masc/Fem = perceived sex-typicality (masculinity of men/femininity of women); Dom = perceived dominance; ShDom = shape dominance; ShMasc = shape masculinity; ShFem = shape femininity. Black error bars span the 95% compatibility intervals of the parameters. The complete posterior summary can be found in Supplementary Fig. S4.