Table 4 Association between obesity and adverse obstetrical outcomes among women who were hospitalized for delivery.

Outcomes	aOR (95% CI)^a
Maternal outcomes
Maternal death	0.95 (0.37–2.47)
Severe maternal morbidity	0.89 (0.81–1.17)
Cesarean delivery	1.70 (1.62–1.79)
Labor induction	1.51 (1.42–1.60)
Length of stay > 6 days
Cesarean delivery	1.14 (1.08–1.36)
Vaginal delivery	1.48 (1.23–1.77)
Pregnancy-related hypertension	2.17 (2.06–2.29)
Preeclampsia	2.06 (1.42–2.99)
Antepartum hemorrhage	0.78 (0.71–1.25)
Postpartum hemorrhage	1.07 (0.98–1.16)
Gestational diabetes	2.75 (2.60–2.90)
Preterm labor	0.95 (0.90–1.01)
Premature rupture of membranes	1.17 (1.08–1.27)
Chorioamnionitis	1.39 (1.25–1.55)
Venous thromboembolism	1.63 (1.34–1.99)
Fetal outcomes
Poor fetal growth	0.75 (0.68–0.82)
Excessive fetal growth	3.18 (2.96–3.43)
Fetal distress	1.28 (1.21–1.35)
Fetal central nervous system malformations	1.32 (0.86–2.03)
Fetal chromosomal abnormalities	0.90 (0.61–1.34)
Fetal hereditary disease in family possible affecting fetus	1.00 (0.48–2.08)
Decreased fetal movements	1.44 (1.26–1.63)
Stillbirth	0.95 (0.83–1.09)

^aAge, race, insurance, income, hospital region, hospital location, hospital bed size, hospital teaching status, elective admission, multiple births, previous cesarean delivery, preexisting diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, preexisting hypertension, depression, alcohol or substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, maternal death, severe maternal morbidity, cesarean delivery, labor induction, length of stay > 6 days, pregnancy-related hypertension, preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, venous thromboembolism, poor fetal growth, excessive fetal growth, fetal distress, fetal central nervous system malformations, fetal chromosomal abnormalities, fetal hereditary disease in family, decreased fetal movements, and stillbirth.

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