Table 2 Microbial mineralization activities, abundances (16S and 18S rRNA gene copy numbers for bacteria and fungi, respectively) and alpha-diversity indices (Chao1 richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou’s evenness) along longitudinal and depth gradients.

From: Taxonomic and functional trait-based approaches suggest that aerobic and anaerobic soil microorganisms allow the natural attenuation of oil from natural seeps

	Sampling date	Distance from oil seep (m)	Aerobic mineralization CO₂ production (µg C-CO₂ g⁻¹ d⁻¹)	Anaerobic mineralization CO₂ production (µg C-CO₂ g⁻¹ d⁻¹)	Bacteria				Fungi
	Sampling date	Distance from oil seep (m)	Aerobic mineralization CO₂ production (µg C-CO₂ g⁻¹ d⁻¹)	Anaerobic mineralization CO₂ production (µg C-CO₂ g⁻¹ d⁻¹)	16S rRNA gene copies (× 10¹⁰ g⁻¹)	Chao 1 richness	Shannon diversity H’	Pielou’s evenness	18S rRNA gene copies (× 10⁸ g⁻¹)	Chao 1 richness	Shannon diversity H’	Pielou’s evenness
GUN0	May 2016	0	248 ± 90 ^a	61 ± 5 ^a	8.7 ± 3.3 ^ab	6532 ± 441	6.0 ± 0.4 ^b	0.70 ± 0.04 ^b	10.0 ± 1.6	349 ± 10	3.05 ± 0.16 ^b	0.55 ± 0.03 ^b
GUN2		2	94 ± 7 ^b	31 ± 1 ^b	9.6 ± 2.2 ^ab	7292 ± 676	7.3 ± 0.2 ^a	0.83 ± 0.02 ^a	12.8 ± 4.6	429 ± 56	3.72 ± 0.22 ^a	0.64 ± 0.02 ^a
GUN4		4	76 ± 13 ^b	26 ± 5 ^b	10.0 ± 2.1 ^a	7988 ± 435	7.2 ± 0.4 ^a	0.82 ± 0.04 ^a	26.7 ± 16.1	448 ± 79	3.29 ± 0.39 ^ab	0.57 ± 0.05 ^ab
GUN10		10	61 ± 25 ^b	26 ± 9 ^b	5.1 ± 0.3 ^b	7156 ± 573	7.2 ± 0.2 ^a	0.82 ± 0.02 ^a	14.7 ± 3.9	426 ± 6	2.55 ± 0.18 ^c	0.45 ± 0.03 ^c
GUN15		15	47 ± 11 ^b	18 ± 4 ^b	6.0 ± 1.6 ^ab	7697 ± 158	7.3 ± 0.0 ^a	0.84 ± 0.01 ^a	14.4 ± 6.7	460 ± 65	3.45 ± 0.14 ^ab	0.59 ± 0.02 ^ab
ETV0	May 2016	0	192 ± 39 ^a	32 ± 12 ^a	6.9 ± 1.7	4683 ± 2150 ^b	5.1 ± 1.3 ^b	0.62 ± 0.13 ^b	8.2 ± 3.8	450 ± 44	3.28 ± 0.38	0.56 ± 0.06
ETV2		2	134 ± 72 ^ab	38 ± 7 ^a	8.4 ± 1.7	8630 ± 711 ^a	7.5 ± 0.1 ^a	0.84 ± 0.02 ^a	48.1 ± 61.3	421 ± 154	2.79 ± 1.87	0.47 ± 0.30
ETV4		4	56 ± 46 ^b	18 ± 8 ^ab	8.5 ± 3.0	7908 ± 944 ^a	7.3 ± 0.3 ^a	0.83 ± 0.03 ^a	12.2 ± 0.1	498 ± 69	3.59 ± 0.55	0.60 ± 0.08
ETV10		10	44 ± 9 ^b	13 ± 7 ^b	5.6 ± 1.0	8670 ± 882 ^a	7.5 ± 0.3 ^a	0.84 ± 0.02 ^a	7.9 ± 2.3	562 ± 57	3.78 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.00
ETV15		15	42 ± 7 ^b	7 ± 5 ^b	6.1 ± 0.7	7198 ± 1361 ^a	7.1 ± 0.2 ^a	0.81 ± 0.01 ^a	11.4 ± 1.4	492 ± 56	3.50 ± 0.21	0.59 ± 0.02
ETV0_P0-2	May 2017	0	207 ± 29 ^a	31 ± 3 ^a	10.6 ± 2.0 ^a	3539 ± 732 ^b	4.2 ± 0.6 ^c	0.53 ± 0.06 ^c	6.5 ± 1.9	355 ± 5	3.03 ± 0.23	0.54 ± 0.05
ETV0_P2-5		0	88 ± 16 ^b	24 ± 6 ^ab	6.1 ± 0.9 ^ab	4988 ± 479 ^a	5.1 ± 0.3 ^b	0.61 ± 0.03 ^b	3.0 ± 0.5	395 ± 35	2.88 ± 0.62	0.50 ± 0.10
ETV0_P5-15		0	51 ± 35 ^bc	16 ± 8 ^b	5.1 ± 2.2 ^b	5204 ± 921 ^a	6.4 ± 0.4 ^a	0.76 ± 0.04 ^a	5.2 ± 1.6	303 ± 56	2.15 ± 0.70	0.40 ± 0.11
ETV0_P15-30		0	15 ± 5 ^c	4 ± 1 ^c	2.3 ± 0.6 ^c	5823 ± 160 ^a	6.8 ± 0.0 ^a	0.80 ± 0.00 ^a	1.9 ± 0.3	347 ± 74	2.46 ± 0.44	0.44 ± 0.06

Samples from May 2016 were sampled in surface (0–5 cm depth) and samples from May 2017 were sampled at 4 depth (0–2, 2–5, 5–15 and 15–30 cm depth). Mean (n = 3) and standard deviation. Letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among sampling zones of the same site and sampling date (one-way anova followed by a Tukey HSD PostHoc test). GUN: Gunstett site, ETV: Etang-vert site. Mineralization activities and rRNA gene copies are expressed as gram of dry weight soil.

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Table 2 Microbial mineralization activities, abundances (16S and 18S rRNA gene copy numbers for bacteria and fungi, respectively) and alpha-diversity indices (Chao1 richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou’s evenness) along longitudinal and depth gradients.

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