Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Grasp-squeeze adaptation to changes in object compliance leads to dynamic beta-band communication between primary somatosensory and motor cortices

Figure 2

Single LFP S1-M1 channel pair activity in the ‘NORMAL’ reach-and-grasp task. All trials were aligned to the onset of touch (t = 0). Left: Monkey M. Right: Monkey C. (A) Upper panel: Example of the typical pressure profiles showing similar temporal force patterns applied by each animal: An initial overshoot from 0 to 1 s, followed by a stable isometric force (steady-state). Middle panels: LFP signals recorded from one M1 and one S1 channel showing the beta-band activity during steady-state. Lower panels: Trial-averaged LFP response on one channel for both S1 and M1 signals showed modulation at the onset of touch (bootstrap resampling, the number of resamples is 1000). The bold red and blue lines showed the mean of LFP amplitude across trials and the shaded regions denoted 95% confidence interval of the data (n = 51 trials collected in 3 sessions for monkey M and n = 86 trials collected in 3 sessions for monkey C). (B) Trial-averaged LFP spectrogram during the ‘NORMAL’ task showing downmodulation at the onset of touch and increased beta activity in steady state. Upper panel: M1 spectrogram. Lower panel: S1 spectrogram. (C) Spectra-temporal S1–M1 LFP coherence shown as a heat map, highlighting the beta coherence (Random permutation test, #permutation = 200, p = 10–2) during the steady state. Note that the beta-band in Monkey M from 13 to 16 Hz, and monkey C from 23 to 30 Hz.

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