Table 2 Q-Plex™ Human Malaria assay diagnostic performance characteristics.

From: Diagnostic performance of a 5-plex malaria immunoassay in regions co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. malariae and P. ovale

Analyte

PCR-Confirmed species

n

Threshold (pg/mL)

Sensitivity (95%CI)

Specificity (95%CI)

vs controls

vs Pf

vs Pv

vs Pk

vs Pm

vs Po

vs all malaria

vs all malaria + controls

Plasma

HRP2

Pf

66

40.84

92.4 (83.2–97.5)

98.0 (93.1–99.8)

-

97.4 (90.9–99.7)

91.3 (84.9–95.6)

100 (86.8–100)

100 (66.4–100)

94.6 (90.9–97.1)

95.6 (92.9–97.5)

Pf-LDH

Pf

66

17.81

89.4 (79.4–95.6)

97.1 (91.6–99.4)

-

61.0 (49.3–72.0)

69.8 (61.0–77.7)

3.9 (0.1–19.6)

10 (0.3–44.5)

57.3 (50.8–63.7)

69.2 (64.0–74.1)

Pf-LDH

Pm

26

17.81

96.2 (80.4–99.9)

As above

10.6 (4.4–20.6)

As above

As above

-

As above

51.3 (45.2–57.3)

63.5 (58.5–68.4)

Pf-LDH

Pk

126

17.81

30.2 (22.3–39.0)

As above

As above

As above

-

3.9 (0.1–19.6)

As above

31.3 (24.6–38.6)

55.2 (49.1–61.1)

Pv-LDH

Pv

77

9.14

80.5 (69.9–88.7)

99.0 (94.7–100)

83.3 (72.1–91.4)

-

3.2 (0.9–7.9)

88.5 (69.9–97.6)

80 (44.4–97.5)

39.5 (33.1–46.1)

57.9 (52.4–63.3)

Pv-LDH

Pk

126

9.14

96.8 (92.1–99.1)

As above

As above

19.5 (11.3–30.1)

-

As above

As above

56.4 (48.8–63.8

71.9 (66.2–77.1)

Pan-LDH

All malaria

305

27.56

90.2 (86.3–93.3)

99.0 (94.7–100)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CRP

All malaria

305

26,212a

86.6 (82.2–90.2)

97.1 (91.6–99.4)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Whole blood

HRP2

Pf

63

4.31

100 (94.3–100)

98.0 (93.1–99.9)

-

92.4 (83.2–97.5)

93.9 (85.2–98.3)

95.8 (78.9–99.9)

-

93.0 (87.9–96.5)

95.0 (91.6–97.3)

Pf-LDH

Pf

63

12.64

100 (94.3–100)

96.1 (90.3–98.9)

-

10.6 (4.4–20.6)

47.0 (34.6–59.7)

0 (0–14.3)

-

24.1 (17.6–31.5)

52.3 (46.1–58.5)

Pf-LDH

Pm

24

12.64

100 (85.8–100)

As above

0 (0–5.7)

As above

As above

-

-

19.3 (14.0–25.5)

45.5 (39.7–51.3)

Pf-LDH

Pk

66

12.64

53.0 (40.3–65.4)

As above

As above

As above

-

0 (0–14.3)

-

4.5 (1.8–9.1)

40.9 (34.8–47.1)

Pv-LDH

Pv

66

75.66

93.9 (85.2–98.3)

99.0 (94.7–100)

93.7 (84.5–98.2)

-

6.1 (1.7–14.8)

100 (85.8–100)

-

57.4 (49.2–65.3)

73.9 (68.1–79.2)

Pv-LDH

Pk

66

75.66

93.9 (85.2–98.3)

As above

As above

6.1 (1.7–14.8)

-

as above

-

57.4 (49.2–65.3)

73.9 (68.1–79.2)

Pan-LDH

all malaria

221

84.42

95.5 (91.8–97.8)

99.0 (94.7–100)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CRP

all malaria

221

13,768a

80.1 (74.2–85.2)

99.0 (94.7–100)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. PCR polymerase chain reaction, n number of samples, CI confidence interval, Pf Plasmodium falciparum, Pv Plasmodium vivax, Pk Plasmodium knowlesi, Pm Plasmodium malariae, Po Plasmodium ovale, HRP2 Histidine-rich protein-2, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CRP C-reactive protein.
  2. aUnits of ng/mL.