Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model for osteoporosis by sex and age.

From: Non‐fermented tea consumption protects against osteoporosis among Chinese male elders using the Taiwan biobank database

Variables

Men

Women

 ≥ 40 Y

40 ~  < 60 Y

 ≥ 60 Y

 ≥ 40 Y

40 ~  < 60 Y

 ≥ 60 Y

HR (95% CI)b

HR (95% CI)c

HR (95% CI)b

HR (95% CI)b

HR (95% CI)d

HR (95% CI)c

Age

40 ~  < 60 y

1

-

-

1

-

-

 >  = 60 y

1.48 (0.86–2.52)

-

-

3.11 (2.04–4.76)***

-

-

Menopausal status

Pre-menopausal

-

-

-

1

1

-

Post-menopausal

-

-

-

3.21 (1.43–7.19)**

3.13 (1.37–7.14)**

-

Family history of OP

No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Yes

2.00 (1.11–3.59)*

1.46 (0.66–3.22)

5.22 (2.00–13.66)***

1.04 (0.59–1.86)

1.72 (0.85–3.51)

0.51 (0.18–1.48)

BMI

0.87 (0.74–1.03)

0.79 (0.64–0.98)*

1.09 (0.84–1.43)

0.88 (0.78–0.99)*

0.88 (0.74–1.04)

0.87 (0.74–1.03)

Tea drinking

Fermented tea

1

1

1

1

1

1

Non-fermented tea

1.02 (0.60–1.73)

1.42 (0.76–2.66)

0.21 (0.05–0.94)*

1.30 (0.88–1.92)

1.58 (0.92–2.73)

1.07 (0.59–1.95)

Total tea drinking amounta

1–3 cup/day

1

1

1

1

1

1

4–6 cups/day

1.33 (0.77–2.29)

1.81 (0.93–3.52)

0.53 (0.18–1.55)

1.14 (0.71–1.84)

1.21 (0.60–2.43)

1.17 (0.60–2.29)

 > 6 cups/day

0.83 (0.42–1.66)

0.76 (0.30–1.92)

0.73 (0.25–2.14)

1.83 (1.04–3.20)*

2.49 (1.19–5.23)*

1.39 (0.56–3.49)

  1. Y, years old; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OP, osteoporosis; BMI, body mass index.
  2. p < 0.05*; p < 0.01**; p < 0.001***.
  3. aTotal tea drinking amount was divided by cups (200 ml).
  4. bHazard ratio adjusted for educational level, residential urbanicity, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, waist circumference, hip circumference, coffee drinking habits, regular diet > 3 meals per day, regular exercise, smoking experience, weekday sleeping time, and weekend sleeping time.
  5. cHazard ratio adjusted for all variables in footnote b, except for the regular diet variable.
  6. dHazard ratio adjusted for all variables in footnote b, except for the status of coronary heart disease.
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