Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of surveyed brick kiln male workers from Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Socio-demographic parameters | P value statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Control | Workers | |||
Age (years) | n | Percentage | n | Percentage | |
18–28 | 114 | 57.0 | 186 | 53.7 | P = 0.009 |
29–38 | 32 | 16.0 | 66 | 19.0 | P = 0.001 |
39–45 | 36 | 18.0 | 34 | 9.83 | P = 0.000 |
45 + | 18 | 9.00 | 60 | 17.3 | P = 0.096 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Normal weight | 42 | 21.0 | 206 | 59.5 | P = 0.701 |
Obesity | 68 | 34.0 | 38 | 10.9 | P = 0.059 |
Overweight | 78 | 39.0 | 64 | 18.5 | P = 0.174 |
Underweight | 12 | 6.00 | 38 | 10.9 | P = 0.865 |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 98 | 48.4 | 268 | 77.4 | P = 0.277 |
Unmarried | 102 | 51.5 | 78 | 22.5 | P = 0.084 |
Sleep duration (hours) | |||||
less than 8 | 56 | 28.0 | 96 | 27.7 | P = 0.045 |
8–12 | 126 | 63.0 | 248 | 71.6 | P = 0.465 |
12 + | 18 | 9.00 | 2 | 0.58 | P = 0.000 |
Education status | |||||
Illiterate | 2 | 1.00 | 292 | 84.3 | P = 0.496 |
Primary | 0 | 0.00 | 40 | 11.5 | P = 0.500 |
Matric | 54 | 27.0 | 6 | 1.73 | P = 0.033 |
Intermediate | 60 | 30.0 | 8 | 2.31 | P = 0.416 |
Bachelors | 36 | 180 | 0 | 0.00 | P = 0.500 |
Masters | 36 | 18.0 | 0 | 0.00 | P = 0.500 |
Higher studies | 12 | 6.00 | 0 | 0.00 | P = 0.500 |
Health history | |||||
Allergy | 6 | 3.00 | 6 | 1.73 | P = 1.00 |
Asthma | 0 | 0.000 | 28 | 8.09 | P = 0.500 |
Diabetes | 6 | 3.00 | 2 | 0.58 | P = 0.295 |
Obesity | 0 | 0.000 | 2 | 0.58 | P = 0.500 |
Stomach issue | 0 | 0.000 | 36 | 10.4 | P = 0.500 |
Hyperandrogenism | 0 | 0.000 | 0 | 0.00 | P = 1 |
Kidney issue | 0 | 0.000 | 18 | 5.20 | P = 0.500 |
Tuberculosis (TB) | 8 | 4.00 | 12 | 3.47 | P = 0.500 |
Hepatitis | 0 | 0.000 | 6 | 1.73 | P = 0.126 |
Other | 30 | 15.0 | 132 | 38.1 | P = 0.358 |
None | 150 | 75.0 | 104 | 30.0 | P = 0.114 |
Medication | |||||
Yes | 14 | 7.00 | 76 | 21.9 | P = 0.381 |
No | 42 | 21.0 | 174 | 50.2 | P = 0.349 |
No need | 144 | 72.0 | 96 | 27.7 | P = 0.126 |
Smoking status | |||||
Smokers | 202 | 58.3 | 44 | 22 | P = 0.363 |
Non smokers | 144 | 41.6 | 156 | 78 | P = 0.025 |
