Table 2 Calculation results of different algorithms.

From: Calibration of camera internal parameters based on grey wolf optimization improved by levy flight and mutation

Parameters

Ours

Zhang

PSO

GWO

\(f_{x}\)

1890.414

1894.506

1886.405

1894.540

\(f_{y}\)

1891.191

1895.103

1887.624

1895.147

\(u_{0}\)

803.550

799.712

803.761

803.342

\(v_{0}\)

629.425

634.544

629.419

629.615

\(k_{1}\)

− 0.057 6

− 0.1012

0.049 9

− 0.090 8

\(k_{2}\)

0.000 2

0.194 2

− 1.000 0

0.171 3

\(p_{1}\)

− 0.000 6

/

0.000 1

− 0.004 9

\(p_{2}\)

0.000 1

/

− 0.000 8

0.002 8

\(k_{3}\)

− 0.099 8

/

0.001 2

0.074 5

\(\delta\)/pixel

0.026

0.105

0.058

0.075