Table 1 Descriptive statistics for hematochemical parameters in all cows involved in the study.

Hematochemical parameters^a	N	mean	SD	P1^b	P99^b
Hematocrit, l/l	381	0.31	0.03	0.25	0.37
Energy-related metabolites
Glucose, mmol/l	385	4.47	0.30	3.74	5.26
Cholesterol, mmol/l	384	4.97	1.19	2.04	7.77
NEFA, mmol/l	384	0.13	0.17	0.02	0.53
BHBA, mmol/l	385	0.52	0.20	0.25	1.29
Urea, mmol/l	385	6.56	1.04	4.09	9.07
Creatinine, µmol/l	385	81.15	5.59	71.76	93.39
Liver function/hepatic damage
AST, U/l	385	101.10	24.97	68.35	179.10
GGT, U/l	385	26.86	8.26	14.63	52.80
BILt, µmol/l	385	2.21	1.13	0.55	6.58
Albumin, g/l	385	37.08	2.27	29.19	41.45
ALP, U/l	385	67.08	19.51	33.55	124.33
PON, U/ml	385	104.56	19.22	58.53	154.53
Oxidative stress metabolites
ROMt, mgH₂O₂/100 ml	385	12.61	3.24	5.89	23.24
AOPP, µmol/l	385	47.77	9.15	29.68	72.18
FRAP, µmol/l	384	208.11	62.58	125.83	315.00
SHp, µmol/l	355	389.88	51.43	271.32	515.92
Inflammation/innate immunity
Ceruloplasmin, µmol/l	385	1.78	0.61	0.75	3.76
PROTt, g/l	385	81.21	4.83	71.71	95.08
Globulins, g/l	385	44.12	5.40	36.19	60.96
Haptoglobin, g/l	385	0.37	0.33	0.10	1.50
Myeloperoxidase, U/l	385	457.69	72.90	284.72	671.20
Minerals
Calcium, mmol/l	385	2.52	0.11	2.21	2.78
Phosphorus, mmol/l	385	2.01	0.34	1.23	2.86
Magnesium, mmol/l	385	1.00	0.10	0.74	2.24
Sodium, mmol/l	385	143.25	2.79	135.86	148.39
Potassium, mmol/l	385	4.21	0.36	3.47	5.22
Chlorine, mmol/l	385	103.03	2.26	97.06	109.79
Zinc, µmol/l	385	11.45	2.24	6.36	17.10

^aNEFA non-esterified fatty acids, BHBA β-hydroxybutyric acid, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT γ-glutamyl transferase, BILt total bilirubin, ALP alkaline phosphatase, PON paraoxonase, ROMt total reactive oxygen metabolites, AOPP advanced oxidation protein products, FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power, SHp thiolic groups, PROTt total proteins.
^bP1 and P99 represents 1 and 99% of the trait quantile in percentage.

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