Table 2 The effects of asthma and its coexisting respiratory comorbidities on mortality in patients with asthma compared with subjects without asthma.

COPD

Control cohort

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Asthma cohort without COPD

0.76 (0.72–0.81)

1.21 (1.01–1.44)

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

1.58 (1.32–1.89)

0.94 (0.89–1.00)

1.53 (1.28–1.84)

Asthma cohort with COPD

2.94 (2.75–3.14)

9.31 (7.99–10.85)

1.49 (1.39–1.59)

4.27 (3.66–4.99)

1.46 (1.36–1.56)

3.95 (3.38–4.61)

Pneumonia

Control cohort

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Asthma cohort without pneumonia

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

1.97 (1.70–2.29)

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

2.08 (1.79–2.41)

1.02 (0.97–1.08)

1.99 (1.71–2.30)

Asthma cohort with pneumonia

1.92 (1.75–2.09)

5.92 (4.88–7.19)

1.59 (1.46–1.74)

4.72 (3.89–5.73)

1.56 (1.42–1.70)

4.33 (3.57–5.27)

Bronchiectasis

Control cohort

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Asthma cohort without bronchiectasis

1.09 (1.03–1.14)

2.32 (2.03–2.65)

1.12 (1.06–1.17)

2.38 (2.08–2.72)

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

2.26 (1.98–2.59)

Asthma cohort with bronchiectasis

2.50 (2.07–3.02)

11.70 (8.47–16.18)

1.43 (1.18–1.73)

6.35 (4.59–8.78)

1.39 (1.15–1.68)

5.74 (4.15–7.95)

Lung cancer

Control cohort

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Asthma cohort without lung cancer

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

2.53 (2.22–2.87)

1.12 (1.07–1.18)

2.55 (2.24–2.90)

1.11 (1.05–1.16)

2.41 (2.11–2.74)

Asthma cohort with lung cancer

7.30 (4.60–11.58)

5.34 (0.75–37.94)

4.11 (2.59–6.52)

3.25 (0.46–23.09)

4.07 (2.57–6.46)

3.12 (0.44–22.10)