Table 2 Main internal and external factors related to agricultural water management in Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network.

From: Integrated strategic planning and multi-criteria decision-making framework with its application to agricultural water management

Internal factors (I.F)*

I.F-1: Strengthen the irrigation management institutions

I.F-2: Rehabilitation of small irrigation reservoirs with multi-purpose use

I.F-3: Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources

I.F-4: Intermittent irrigation method within paddy fields

I.F-5: Improper implementation of the irrigation development plans in seven irrigation units

I.F-6: Inappropriate operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage network

I.F-7: Lack of necessary infrastructure for agricultural water delivery in the irrigation network

I.F-8: Failure to establish local participatory water management institutions

I.F-9: Lack of sufficient motivation among farmers to establish water user association (WUA)

I.F-10: The difficulty of pricing of agricultural water rights within the irrigation network

I.F-11: Lack of monitoring system of the agricultural water use

I.F-12: Lack of empowerment of the water users association (WUA)

I.F-13: Strengthen the irrigation management institutions

I.F-14: Rehabilitation of small irrigation reservoirs with multi-purpose use

I.F-15: Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources

I.F-16: Intermittent irrigation method within paddy fields

I.F-17: Improper implementation of the irrigation development plans in seven irrigation units

I.F-18: Inappropriate operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage network

I.F-19: Lack of necessary infrastructure for agricultural water delivery in the irrigation network

I.F-20: Failure to establish local participatory water management institutions

I.F-21: Lack of sufficient motivation among farmers to establish water user association (WUA)

I.F-22: The difficulty of pricing of agricultural water rights within the irrigation network

External factors (E.F)**

E.F-1: Capacity of the internal water resources in the study area including local rivers and drains, small irrigation reservoirs and groundwater resources to supply agricultural water, especially under drought condition

E.F-2: Possibility of using agricultural return flow to supply irrigation water

E.F-3: Rules, procedures, standards, and technical guidelines for agricultural water resources management within the irrigation network

E.F-4: Upstream water resources development plans in the study area and its effects on reducing the water delivered to the irrigation network

E.F-5: Land use change and conversion of paddy fields into aquaculture ponds and increasing of water demand

E.F-6: Competition between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors

E.F-7: Changing the quality of water resources due to discharge of wastewater (urban and industrial) into rivers and drains, especially in the central irrigation zone of the study area

  1. * I.F: Internal factors related to agricultural water management.
  2. **E.F: External factors related to agricultural water management.
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