Table 1 Sample characteristics and summary statistics.

From: Socioecology shapes child and adolescent time allocation in twelve hunter-gatherer and mixed-subsistence forager societies

Society

N children (sampled > 1 year)

% girls

Mean age (SD)b

Age range

Mean observations/child (SD)

Net primary productivity (gC/m2/year)

Annual mean temperature (°C)

Annual precipitation (mm)

Dangerous mammal densityc

Water quality/quantityd

Proportion non-foraged food

Gendered division of food production laboure

Agta

15 (0)

33

6.13 (2.64)

3–12

21.27 (11.32)

1389.7

25.23

2653.69

Low

1

0.50

0.02

Aka

50 (0)

52

9.44 (3.89)

4–16

238.62 (53.49)

886.7

24.76

1551.03

High

1

0.49

− 0.08

Baka

14 (0)

50

9.21 (3.62)

5–15

720 (0)

1120

24.16

1570.26

High

1

0.30

− 0.15

BaYaka

53 (6)

42

11.02 (4.17)

3–18

253.87 (89.44)

969.6

24.81

1616.51

High

1

0.30

0.20

Dukha

15 (5)

53

9.17 (5.57)

3–18

577 (562.25)

142.4

 − 6.71

411.20

Low

1

0.86

− 0.19

Hadza

18 (0)

78

8.39 (3.11)

3–14

35.72 (26.81)

601

21.44

673.74

High

2

0.05

0.18

Matsigenka

119 (0)

61

9.28 (4.62)

3–18

24.22 (11.64)

2438.6

17.71

834.53

Low

2

0.97

0.99

Maya

49 (0)

59

9.47 (4.98)

3–18

149.14 (16.69)

540

26.20

1058.72

Low

1

0.94

1.02

Mayangna

114 (0)

46

9.61 (4.89)

3–18

67.56 (17.86)

1220.5

25.89

2715.84

Low

1

0.77

0.99

Mikeaa

31 (18)

48

11.51 (3.78)

6–20

150.13 (118.67)

1191.6

23.73

516.36

Low

4

0.45

− 0.02

Pumé

31 (26)

52

9.32 (4.41)

3–17

166.87 (81.44)

524.7

27.77

2069.46

Low

1

0.07

− 0.64

Tsimane

181 (0)

52

8.53 (4.30)

3–18

70.69 (20.76)

1952.5

26.11

1829.21

Low

2

0.77

0.43

Total

690 (55)

52

9.29 (4.48)

3–20

124.05 (160.88)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. aExact ages for Mikea children were not known. Children were instead categorized as early juveniles (5–8 years), late juveniles (9–15 years), and young adults (16–25 years). For this table, we held each category at the mean age; early juveniles = 6.5 years, late juveniles = 12 years, young adults = 20.5 years.
  2. bThe age of children with repeated observations was considered the mean of their age across all years sampled.
  3. cReflects the total density of dangerous mammals per km2 for each site. Low: n/km2 < 1. High: n/km2 > 10.
  4. d1 = At the time of data collection, people usually or always had enough water and the water was of good quality, 2 = At the time of data collection, people usually or always had enough water, but the water was of poor quality, 3 = At the time of data collection, people rarely or never had enough water, but the water was of good quality, 4 = At the time of data collection, people rarely or never had enough water, and the water was of poor quality.
  5. eRange: − 2, women do all the food production labour, 2, men do all the food production labour.
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