Table 3 Self-reported knee function and physical activity level presented as median (range: min–max) for participants with ACLR, control and athlete groups.

From: Thigh muscle co-contraction patterns in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, athletes and controls during a novel double-hop test

Variables

ACLR (n = 34)

Controls (n = 24)

Athletes (n = 22)

Kruskal–Wallis test (p value)

ACLR vs. Controls**

ACLR vs. Athletes**

Controls vs. athletes**

Lysholm score*

86 (64–100)

100 (90–100)

100 (85–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.000

KOOS subscales*

Symptoms

82.1 (53.6–100)

100 (89.3–100)

100 (82.1–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

1.000

Pain

91.7 (72.2–100)

100 (77.8–100)

100 (83.3–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.000

Activities of daily living

100.0 (77.8–100)

100 (97.1–100)

100 (91.2–100)

0.005

0.014

0.031

1.000

Sports or recreational activities

85 (40–100)

100 (90–100)

100 (75–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.000

Quality of life

68.8 (25–100)

100 (75–100)

93.8 (68.8–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.686

Tegner score at present†

6 (3–9)

4 (1–6)

8 (8–9)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.006

 < 0.001

IPAQ‡

2866 (120–10,719)

2484 (693–7278)

4158 (2253–7758)

0.001

0.324

0.039

 < 0.001

IKDC2000*

82 (64–100)

100 (90.8–100)

100 (66.7–100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.000

TSK§

30 (20–44)

–

–

–

   
  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; IKDC, International knee documentation committee; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; TSK: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.
  3. For all data in this table, data were missing for 2 participants (1 individual with ACLR and 1 athlete).
  4. **Post-hoc comparisons (p vlaues) abjusted by Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.
  5. †An activity scale ranging from 1 to 10 indicating current level of knee-demanding activities.
  6. ‡A scale of estimated metabolic equivalent (MET–minutes/week) from total duration of physical activities throughout the previous week with a high score indicating greater physical activity level.
  7. *A scale ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) indicating self-estimated knee function.
  8. §A scale of fear of movement with scores ranging from 17 to 68 with a high score indicating more fear of movement.
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