Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India

Figure 4

Effect of management practices portfolios on net return and eco-efficiency in rice, wheat and RW system (Mean of 3 years). Where; Sc1, business as usual-conventional tillage (CT) without residue; Sc2, CT with residue; Sc3, reduce tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); Sc4, RT/Zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF; Sc5, ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer; Sc6, Sc5 + Nutrient expert. Values with different lower case (a–e) letters are significantly different between each scenarios at p < 0.05 (Duncan multiple range tests for separation of mean). Vertical bars indicate ± S.E. of mean of the observed values.

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