Table 2 Total energy input (MJ ha−1) in the form of direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy for different management practices under the rice, wheat and RW system.

From: Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India

Scenarios

Direct energy

Indirect energy

Renewable energy

Non-renewable energy

Rice

Wheat

RW system

Rice

Wheat

RW system

Rice

Wheat

System

Rice

Wheat

RW system

Sc1

28744A

8707A

37,452A

16,925A

16,162A

33087A

2624A

1957A

4582A

43,045A

22,912A

65,957A

Sc2

28744A

8708A

37,452A

16,925A

16,162A

33,087A

2624A

1957A

4582A

43,045A

22,912A

65,957A

Sc3

23029B

7490B

30,519B

14,120C

14,574B

28,694B

2368B

1939A

4306B

34,781B

20,125B

54,906B

Sc4

21879C

5985C

27,864C

14,110C

14,684B

28,794B

2253C

1863B

4115C

33,736C

18,806C

52,542C

Sc5

19264D

5735C

24,999D

14,473B

13,529C

28,002C

2122D

1863B

3985D

31,615D

17,401D

49,016D

Sc6

19264D

5735C

24,999D

13,326D

12,741D

26,068D

2122D

1863B

3985D

30,468E

16,613E

47,082E

  1. Values with different upper case (A–E) letters are significantly different between each scenarios at p < 0.05 (Duncan multiple range tests for separation of mean).
  2. Sc1, business as usual-conventional tillage (CT) without residue; Sc2, CT with residue; Sc3, reduce tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); Sc4, RT/Zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF; Sc5, ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer; Sc6, Sc5 + Nutrient expert.