Table 7 Equations for calculation of energy parameters.
Energy types | Components/factors | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Direct energy | Diesel + labour + tractor + electricity | (MJ ha−1) |
Indirect energy | Machinery + fertilizers + pesticides + seeds | (MJ ha−1) |
Renewable energy | Labour + tractor + seeds | (MJ ha−1) |
Non-renewable energy | Machinery + diesel + electricity + chemical fertilizer + pesticides | (MJ ha−1) |
Total energy input | Direct/renewable + indirect/non-renewable energy | (MJ ha−1) |
Grain energy output | Energy in the harvested grain (grain) | (MJ ha−1) |
Total energy output | Energy in the harvested total biomass (grain + straw) | (MJ ha−1) |
Net energy | Total energy output—energy input | (MJ ha−1) |
Energy use efficiency | Total energy output/energy input | (MJ MJ−1) |
Energy productivity | Grain yield/energy input | (kg MJ−1) |
