Box 1 Definitions of six job attainment characteristics and sample job titles.
Phenotype | Definition | Sample job titles |
|---|---|---|
Complexity | Job complexity refers to the degree to which a job is difficult and mentally challenging to perform. It has been widely examined as an omnibus work characteristic that influences not only one’s well-being92, but also been utilized as an indicator of occupational status53 | Aircraft pilots and flight engineers Chemical engineers Mechanical engineers |
Autonomy | Job autonomy is defined as the amount of autonomy that one has at work to decide what to do, when to do and how to do his or her work93 | Directors and chief executives of major organizations Production, works and maintenance managers, Higher education teaching professionals |
Innovation | Innovation encompasses to what extent one’s job requires him or her to generate novel and useful ideas75 | Architects Product, clothing, and related designers Graphic designers Artists |
Information demands | Requirements to work with data and information, such as processing information, analyzing data, reasoning, interacting with computers14 | IT strategy and planning professionals Information and communication technology managers Physicists, geologists, and meteorologists |
Emotional demands | Demands for emotional labor tasks such as assisting and helping others and dealing with unpleasant people14 | Paramedics Air travel assistants Nurses |
Physical demands | Demands for manual labor as well as risks and unpleasant job conditions such as dangerous working conditions and loud noises14 | Metal plate workers Shipwrights, riveters Coal mine operatives |
