Table 1 Al-ion competitive functional energy density when compared with Li-ion values per kWh from (Siret16).
From: Advancing battery design based on environmental impacts using an aqueous Al-ion cell as a case study
Impact category | Al-ion competitive functional energy density (kWh kg−1) |
|---|---|
Acidification terrestrial and freshwater (Mole of H + eq.) | 321.4 |
Cancer human health effects (CTUh) | 533.2 |
Global warming potential (kg CO2 eq.) | 200.7 |
Ecotoxicity freshwater (CTUe) | 383.1 |
Eutrophication freshwater (kg P eq.) | 557.6 |
Eutrophication marine (kg N eq.) | 311.4 |
Eutrophication terrestrial (Mole of N eq.) | 330.8 |
Ionising radiation—human health (kBq U235 eq.) | 221.2 |
Land use (Pt) | 130.8 |
Non-cancer human health effects (CTUh) | 354.5 |
Ozone depletion (kg CFC-11 eq.) | 7384.6 |
Photochemical ozone formation—human health (kg NMVOC eq.) | 294.6 |
Resource use, energy carriers (MJ) | 227.7 |
Resource use, mineral and metals (kg Sb eq.) | 274.3 |
Respiratory inorganics (kg PM2.5 eq.) | 568.8 |
Water scarcity (m3 world equiv.) | 805.9 |
