Table 1 Thermo-physical structures related to nanofluids.
Characteristics | Nanoliquid |
|---|---|
Dynamic viscosity \(\left( \mu \right)\) | \(\mu_{nf} = \mu_{f} (1 - \phi )^{ - 2.5}\) |
Density \(\left( \rho \right)\) | \(\rho_{nf} = \left( {1 - \phi } \right)\rho_{f} - \phi \rho_{s}\) |
Heat capacity \(\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)\) | \((\rho C_{p} )_{nf} = \left( {1 - \phi } \right)(\rho C_{p} )_{f} - \phi (\rho C_{p} )_{s}\) |
Thermal conductivity \(\left( \kappa \right)\) | \(\frac{{\kappa_{nf} }}{{\kappa_{f} }} = \left[ {\frac{{\left( {\kappa_{s} + 2\kappa_{f} } \right) - 2\phi \left( {\kappa_{f} - \kappa_{s} } \right)}}{{\left( {\kappa_{s} + 2\kappa_{f} } \right) + \phi \left( {\kappa_{f} - \kappa_{s} } \right)}}} \right]\) |
