Table 1 Patient characteristics between early group and control group before sIPTW (at baseline and at the start of CRRT).

From: Clinical outcomes of severe sepsis and septic shock patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy

Characteristics

Early group (n = 58)

Control group (n = 74)

p

Age, years

62.86 ± 10.58

62.58 ± 8.87

0.868

Male, n (%)

40 (68.97)

50 (67.57)

0.864

BMI, kg/m2

24.34 ± 3.40

24.76 ± 3.19

0.466

MAP, mmHg

81.74 ± 5.38

83.24 ± 5.33

0.112

Laboratory tests

Leukocyte count, × 109/L

14.23 ± 3.71

15.36 ± 3.37

0.070

Neutrophil percentage, %

81.13 ± 7.78

80.93 ± 7.20

0.879

PLT count, × 109/L

178.93 ± 57.44

177.72 ± 54.13

0.901

Blood pH

7.33 ± 0.06

7.34 ± 0.06

0.246

Baseline creatinine, mg/dL

0.93 ± 0.29

0.94 ± 0.30

0.842

Serum potassium, mEq/L

4.76 ± 0.66

4.84 ± 0.68

0.472

Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

80.88 ± 22.81

80.05 ± 22.05

0.832

BUN, mg/dL

15.96 ± 2.88

15.91 ± 3.13

0.918

CK-MB, IU/L

27.50 ± 22.75

21.12 ± 14.81

0.067

ALT, U/L

56.24 ± 58.65

53.04 ± 51.45

0.739

Total bilirubin, mg/dL

1.30 ± 0.88

1.20 ± 0.98

0.559

Lactate, mg/dL

72.46 ± 48.73

58.70 ± 32.57

0.067

Hb, g/L

132.64 ± 12.05

131.19 ± 12.76

0.508

Six-hour UO at admission, mL

421.36 ± 151.25

460.50 ± 139.35

0.125

Primary diagnosis

Pneumo-sepsis, n (%)

19 (32.76)

23 (31.08)

0.837

Urosepsis, n (%)

7 (12.07)

5 (6.76)

0.292

Abdominal sepsis, n (%)

18 (31.03)

28 (37.84)

0.416

Other cause, n (%)

14 (24.14)

18 (24.32)

0.980

Type of surgery

Abdominal surgery, n (%)

9 (15.52)

3 (4.05)

0.023

Urinary surgery, n (%)

2 (3.45)

0 (0)

0.191

Others, n (%)

4 (6.9)

1 (1.35)

0.168

Postoperative, n (%)

15 (25.86)

4 (5.41)

0.001

Positive blood culture, n (%)

25 (43.10)

30 (40.54)

0.767

Invasive MV, n (%)

32 (55.17)

47 (63.51)

0.332

Comorbidities

Hypertension, n (%)

14 (24.14)

19 (25.68)

0.840

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

9 (15.52)

12 (16.22)

0.913

Coronary artery disease, n (%)

3 (5.17)

5 (6.76)

> 0.999

Heart failure, n (%)

7 (12.07)

9 (12.16)

0.987

Medication at admission

Noradrenaline, n (%)

48 (82.76)

49 (66.22)

0.033

Dopamine, n (%)

17 (29.31)

12 (16.22)

0.071

Glucocorticoid, n (%)

6 (10.34)

13 (17.57)

0.241

Digitalis during hospitalization, n (%)

10 (17.24)

11 (14.86)

0.711

Resuscitation fluid in first 36 h (crystal solution), mL

3083.62 ± 457.34

3064.86 ± 441.8

0.812

Echocardiography

LVEDD, mm

49.64 ± 2.67

48.67 ± 2.89

0.050

LVESD, mm

36.23 ± 3.32

35.16 ± 3.52

0.078

CO, L/min

4.02 ± 0.88

3.98 ± 0.81

0.770

LVEF, %

50.14 ± 12.37

51.47 ± 13.28

0.557

E, m/s

0.72 ± 0.23

0.81 ± 0.22

0.019

A, m/s

0.73 ± 0.17

0.80 ± 0.18

0.040

E/A

1.00 ± 0.29

1.05 ± 0.31

0.376

e′, m/s

0.08 ± 0.02

0.07 ± 0.03

0.138

E/e′

9.98 ± 3.88

13.26 ± 5.86

< 0.001

Cardiac function

0.562

Systolic dysfunction, n (%)

19 (32.76)

18 (24.32)

 

Diastolic dysfunction, n (%)

29 (50.00)

42 (56.76)

 

Systolic and diastolic dysfunction, n (%)

10 (17.24)

14 (18.92)

 

SOFA scores

12.43 ± 1.84

12.41 ± 1.95

0.939

APACHE II scores

24.76 ± 3.21

24.73 ± 3.24

0.959

CRRT protocol mode

0.938

CVVH

20 (34.48)

26 (35.14)

 

CVVHDF

38 (65.52)

48 (64.86)

 

Anticoagulant

0.662

Sodium citrate

26 (44.83)

36 (48.65)

 

Heparin

32 (55.17)

38 (51.35)

 

Blood flow, mL/min

154.14 ± 18.24

151.15 ± 17.72

0.344

CRRT dose, mL/kg/h

26.52 ± 2.10

29.43 ± 3.46

< 0.001

Ultrafiltration dose, mL/kg/h

26.93 ± 2.02

27.22 ± 1.98

0.418

Dialysis dose, mL/kg/h

15.50 ± 1.78

20.00 ± 3.58

< 0.001

At the start of CRRT

Noradrenaline, n (%)

58 (100.00)

44 (59.46)

< 0.001

Noradrenaline, μg/kg/min

0.34 ± 0.20

0.22 ± 0.21

0.003

Six-hour UO before CRRT initiation, mL

391.71 ± 142.64

151.24 ± 60.72

< 0.001

Total duration CRRT, hour

84.83 ± 25.13

85.08 ± 18.79

0.949

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.04 ± 0.31

2.57 ± 0.99

< 0.001

MAP, mmHg

79.28 ± 5.29

89.78 ± 10.78

< 0.001

SOFA

12.74 ± 1.72

13.27 ± 1.72

0.082

APACHE II

27.62 ± 4.14

29.55 ± 4.66

0.014

At the end of CRRT

Noradrenaline, n (%)

23 (39.66)

36 (50.00)

0.291

Noradrenaline, μg/kg/min

0.30 ± 0.14

0.22 ± 0.11

0.013

Creatinine, mg/dL

0.94 ± 0.57

1.83 ± 0.92

< 0.001

MAP, mmHg

96.55 ± 14.24

94.93 ± 15.37

0.536

SOFA

7.98 ± 5.53

9.85 ± 5.85

0.064

APACHE II

17.16 ± 9.05

19.36 ± 9.24

0.171

  1. sIPTW stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights, BMI body mass index, MAP mean arterial pressure, PLT platelet, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CK-MB creatine kinase-MB, ALT alanine aminotransferase, MV mechanical ventilation, LV left ventricle, LVEDD LV end diastolic dimension, LVESD LV end systolic dimension, CO cardiac output, LVEF LV ejection fraction, CVVH continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, CVVHDF continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE II Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, UO urine output.
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