Table 9 Estimates of mid-parent and better parent heterosis for 15 characteristics of 36 crosses in kenaf over two environments.
Hybrids | PH | BD | CD | MD | TD | NN | DTFF | D50%F | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | |
P1 × P2 | 5.71 | 2.08 | 11.39 | 2.09 | 12.70 | 2.66 | 2.67 | − 7.80 | − 16.57 | − 18.04 | 29.70 | 3.74 | − 0.78 | 1.28 | − 7.83 | -13.49 |
P1 × P3 | 3.93 | − 1.61 | 15.87* | 13.51* | 18.12 | 16.30 | 2.62 | 1.32 | 16.36 | 12.90 | 57.74** | 33.59 | .00 | − 3.53 | 1.13 | -1.37 |
P1 × P4 | 0.09 | − 5.82 | 13.51 | 12.91 | 14.96 | 14.66 | 4.37 | 3.87 | − 5.79 | − 5.86 | 41.09* | 22.63 | − 4.46 | − 5.06 | − 7.63 | -9.92 |
P1 × P5 | − 8.70 | − 11.80 | − 0.87 | − 3.05 | 0.11 | − 1.68 | − 12.34 | − 12.56 | − 3.33 | − 3.83 | 21.95 | 18.12 | 6.43 | 3.53 | 3.65 | 1.37 |
P1 × P6 | 1.71 | 0.16 | 9.26 | − 1.06 | 13.44 | 1.40 | 0.69 | − 4.35 | 6.47 | 4.48 | 42.14* | 23.46 | − 0.16 | − 0.32 | − 2.14 | -4.69 |
P1 × P7 | 8.52 | 2.54 | 15.98 | 8.35 | 20.75* | 13.24* | 0.49 | − 4.96 | − 18.07 | − 20.06 | 30.53 | 23.46 | 3.60 | − 3.21 | − 2.29 | -6.32 |
P1 × P8 | 6.14 | 3.92 | 11.80 | 2.36 | 13.22 | 3.79 | 1.81 | − 0.70 | − 11.63 | − 11.79 | 13.28 | 12.54 | − 0.96 | − 0.96 | − 2.89 | -3.02 |
P1 × P9 | − 2.94 | − 7.25 | − 4.42 | − 8.90 | − 4.49 | − 9.40 | − 7.28 | − 12.78 | 1.94 | − 4.45 | − 7.82 | − 8.20 | 5.75 | 3.21 | 7.87 | 3.57 |
P2 × P3 | − 3.61 | − 11.70 | 37.32** | 28.28** | 45.81** | 34.73** | 13.45 | 0.73 | 10.74 | 5.60 | 109.27** | 95.10** | 5.37 | − 0.31 | − 3.29 | -11.33 |
P2 × P4 | 8.72 | − 0.99 | 20.25* | 10.75* | 23.12* | 11.89* | 14.40 | 2.30 | − 6.62 | − 8.34 | 85.24** | 67.85** | 3.59 | 2.15 | − 3.51 | -7.23 |
P2 × P5 | 1.82 | − 4.90 | 16.75 | 9.24 | 22.09* | 13.08* | 3.51 | − 7.26 | − 21.71 | − 22.70 | 55.81** | 21.69 | 9.03 | 4.00 | 4.59 | -3.86 |
P2 × P6 | 7.15 | 1.95 | 21.85* | 20.26* | 26.30* | 23.68* | 8.19 | 1.95 | − 12.38 | − 15.50 | 73.40** | 57.25* | − 3.14 | − 5.23 | − 11.39 | -14.70 |
P2 × P7 | 6.17 | − 2.92 | 18.10 | 15.69 | 19.18 | 15.53 | 7.98 | 2.19 | − 14.09 | − 17.63 | 33.42 | 11.58 | − 6.71 | − 14.46 | − 16.15 | -24.34 |
P2 × P8 | 6.38 | 0.66 | 14.29 | 14.16 | 15.93 | 15.13 | 8.32 | − 0.49 | − 0.16 | − 1.76 | 36.18 | 9.47 | − 5.81 | − 7.69 | − 8.48 | -14.22 |
P2 × P9 | − 12.51 | − 19.13 | − 10.90 | − 14.50 | − 10.05 | − 13.82 | − 4.58 | − 9.21 | 3.38 | − 4.69 | − 11.02 | − 28.61 | 1.61 | − 2.77 | − 4.27 | -13.49 |
P3 × P4 | 4.71 | 4.71 | 16.61* | 16.61* | 18.26 | 18.26 | 5.67 | 5.67 | − 0.97 | − 0.97 | 75.25** | 75.25** | 0.33 | 0.33 | − 5.08 | -5.08 |
P3 × P5 | 5.46 | 3.27 | 5.92 | 5.74 | 7.50 | 7.22 | − 0.65 | − 1.67 | 0.77 | − 2.72 | 14.87 | − 5.22 | − 0.17 | − 1.02 | 2.88 | 2.59 |
P3 × P6 | 6.93 | 2.74 | 14.04 | 5.24 | 16.07 | 5.20 | 4.40 | − 2.03 | − 1.29 | − 2.44 | 46.34* | 42.03 | − 1.50 | − 4.82 | − 3.01 | -7.81 |
P3 × P7 | 7.34 | 7.11 | 4.41 | − 0.54 | 3.51 | − 1.50 | 4.01 | − 2.80 | 6.84 | 6.23 | 19.76 | 6.47 | − 3.74 | − 6.90 | − 10.00 | -11.56 |
P3 × P8 | 4.75 | 1.22 | 17.19 | 9.36 | 15.64 | 7.54 | 2.32 | − 1.44 | 0.74 | − 2.43 | 52.65** | 29.98 | 1.00 | − 2.56 | − 1.55 | -3.86 |
P3 × P9 | − 1.26 | − 2.22 | 0.42 | − 2.36 | 1.75 | − 2.03 | − 2.04 | − 8.94 | 17.55 | 13.44 | 10.73 | − 5.91 | 3.58 | 2.36 | 2.79 | 1.16 |
P4 × P5 | − 0.03 | − 2.73 | 16.46* | 14.50* | 16.41 | 14.03 | 13.20 | 12.94 | 3.75 | 3.13 | 28.09 | 8.37 | − 4.42 | − 7.59 | − 2.60 | -7.05 |
P4 × P6 | 1.81 | − 2.79 | 30.64** | 18.88** | 35.71** | 21.02** | 9.21 | 3.26 | − 1.94 | − 3.69 | 63.65** | 63.50* | − 9.09 | − 9.81 | − 12.91 | -13.02 |
P4 × P7 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 6.80 | 0.27 | 5.90 | − 0.93 | 9.99 | 3.56 | 25.34 | 22.38 | 21.89 | 11.42 | − 2.90 | − 9.81 | − 1.81 | -8.09 |
P4 × P8 | 5.49 | 1.28 | 27.60** | 17.40** | 28.69** | 17.70** | 10.59 | 7.36 | 21.08 | 20.78 | 40.04* | 22.40 | 3.82 | 3.16 | − 2.68 | -5.22 |
P4 × P9 | 0.24 | − 1.38 | 22.40** | 17.26** | 24.89* | 18.18* | 4.76 | − 1.89 | 21.65 | 14.12 | 10.29 | − 3.79 | − 2.77 | − 5.70 | − 5.85 | -11.75 |
P5 × P6 | 6.96 | 4.90 | 3.97 | − 3.91 | 7.05 | − 2.75 | 2.24 | − 3.12 | − 4.66 | − 6.92 | 14.03 | − 3.59 | − 3.63 | − 6.11 | − 5.46 | -9.90 |
P5 × P7 | 3.19 | 0.85 | 6.14 | 1.28 | 6.74 | 1.83 | 10.42 | 4.19 | 1.55 | − 1.42 | 4.82 | − 3.80 | − 4.59 | − 8.47 | − 6.45 | -8.33 |
P5 × P8 | 12.46 | 10.92 | 35.43** | 26.59** | 42.06** | 32.43** | 32.25** | 28.67** | 18.55 | 18.14 | 14.58 | 10.28 | 1.81 | − 0.96 | − 5.20 | -7.16 |
P5 × P9 | − 7.34 | − 8.38 | − 3.91 | − 6.41 | − 2.16 | − 5.56 | 0.68 | − 5.50 | − 7.32 | − 13.54 | 7.23 | 3.45 | − 3.04 | − 3.37 | − 1.61 | -3.45 |
P6 × P7 | 1.82 | − 2.37 | 14.96 | 11.18 | 19.42 | 13.43 | 13.07 | 12.56 | 31.71 | 30.93 | 27.51 | 16.46 | − 1.72 | − 8.04 | − 4.18 | -10.42 |
P6 × P8 | 2.79 | 2.19 | 19.25* | 17.82* | 21.13 | 17.80 | − 3.95 | − 6.52 | 6.92 | 4.75 | 15.89 | 1.22 | 1.77 | 1.60 | 0.67 | -2.08 |
P6 × P9 | − 1.25 | − 4.21 | 18.21* | 12.01* | 22.15* | 14.69* | 9.64 | 8.53 | 23.82 | 18.16 | 62.02** | 41.22* | − 4.28 | − 6.43 | 4.31 | -2.34 |
P7 × P8 | 6.67 | 2.86 | 7.18 | 4.88 | 7.94 | 5.35 | 0.59 | − 2.53 | − 3.01 | − 5.53 | − 6.20 | − 10.73 | − 7.03 | − 13.14 | − 8.18 | -11.85 |
P7 × P9 | 7.78 | 6.51 | 24.86** | 22.25** | 30.62** | 29.04** | 20.77* | 20.08 | 8.65 | 4.28 | 14.82 | 9.02 | − 9.15 | − 13.13 | − 8.52 | -8.66 |
P8 × P9 | − 1.20 | − 3.62 | 11.24 | 6.64 | 14.33 | 10.27 | 22.60* | 18.13 | 6.39 | − 0.44 | 32.91* | 32.59 | − 4.76 | − 7.05 | − 5.73 | -9.37 |
Mean | 2.69 | − 0.93 | 13.61 | 8.47 | 15.97 | 10.07 | 5.95 | 1.13 | 2.91 | 0.13 | 32.84 | 19.56 | − 1.03 | − 3.80 | − 3.69 | -7.40 |
LSD5% | 35.42 | 40.90 | 3.90 | 4.50 | 3.88 | 4.48 | 2.06 | 2.38 | 1.34 | 1.55 | 2.11 | 2.43 | 4.90 | 5.66 | 8.03 | 9.28 |
LSD1% | 46.75 | 53.98 | 5.14 | 5.94 | 5.12 | 5.91 | 2.72 | 3.14 | 1.77 | 2.04 | 2.78 | 3.21 | 6.47 | 7.47 | 10.60 | 12.24 |
Hybrids | FW1 | FW2 | DSW | DFW | NF | NS | SW | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | MPH | BPH | |||
P1 × P2 | 35.12 | 7.74 | 18.62 | − 0.11 | 16.17 | 4.26 | 17.29 | − 2.81 | 67.52* | 32.78 | − 34.66 | − 42.18 | − 0.24 | − 0.82 | ||
P1 × P3 | 46.15* | 35.44* | 14.88 | 14.35 | 12.71 | − 0.76 | 27.35* | 18.06 | 73.68** | 57.68* | − 1.60 | − 2.65 | − 0.79 | − 4.07 | ||
P1 × P4 | 32.75* | 32.21* | 20.74 | 16.87 | 65.88** | 63.08* | 21.72 | 17.32 | 103.33** | 80.76** | − 0.79 | − 0.91 | 3.16 | − 2.39 | ||
P1 × P5 | 14.40 | − 1.28 | − 5.58 | − 17.20 | 19.01 | 10.01 | − 8.60 | − 20.96 | 6.77 | 3.31 | − 17.7 | − 21.53 | − 18.76 | − 23.34 | ||
P1 × P6 | 32.48 | 20.85 | 14.68 | − 3.88 | 30.87 | 15.22 | 13.24 | − 5.98 | 33.57 | 26.24 | − 22.69 | − 23.21 | − 9.68 | − 10.19 | ||
P1 × P7 | 43.72* | 31.64* | 19.40 | 6.67 | 17.52 | 19.08 | 27.50 | 2.65 | 55.99** | 33.54 | − 11.34 | − 20.68 | − 4.73 | − 6.87 | ||
P1 × P8 | 18.82 | 7.44 | 4.99 | − 1.66 | 15.57 | 14.79 | 8.34 | 2.01 | 77.09** | 74.07** | − 3.50 | − 5.75 | − 2.84 | − 4.46 | ||
P1 × P9 | − 6.28 | − 7.31 | 6.90 | − 4.97 | − 3.71 | − 10.03 | 7.32 | − 7.83 | 49.27* | 35.33 | − 8.91 | − 11.71 | − 6.59 | − 8.93 | ||
P2 × P3 | 86.42** | 58.17** | 48.83** | 24.85 | 11.22 | − 10.74 | 91.94** | 69.82** | 24.74 | 7.12 | − 29.6 | − 38.27 | 0.19 | − 2.57 | ||
P2 × P4 | 37.54 | 10.02 | 33.97 | 9.87 | 46.66 | 33.66 | 48.60** | 26.93 | 85.00** | 62.09* | − 20.11 | − 29.22 | 0.93 | − 3.96 | ||
P2 × P5 | 60.27* | 45.81* | 36.20 | 29.89 | 35.15 | 30.87 | 56.74** | 48.97** | 41.54 | 9.51 | − 17.10 | − 29.61 | − 1.51 | − 6.54 | ||
P2 × P6 | 34.01 | 15.35 | 48.26* | 47.41 | 24.17 | 21.50 | 47.93** | 47.55* | 30.20 | − 0.98 | 8.95 | − 3.01 | − 5.27 | − 5.29 | ||
P2 × P7 | 61.86** | 38.79** | 31.51 | 22.93 | 26.19 | 11.96 | 53.63** | 48.13* | 52.07* | 7.72 | 0.27 | − 0.96 | − 7.12 | − 8.67 | ||
P2 × P8 | 51.50* | 31.48* | 18.33 | 5.51 | 12.84 | 0.67 | 25.93 | 9.83 | 108.24** | 67.21** | − 33.66 | − 42.48 | 4.92 | 3.76 | ||
P2 × P9 | − 34.08 | − 46.99 | − 4.66 | − 10.41 | 1.03 | − 3.25 | 3.12 | − 1.22 | 6.48 | − 21.42 | − 25.59 | − 35.91 | 1.64 | − 0.34 | ||
P3 × P4 | 51.33** | 51.33** | 21.51 | 21.51 | 24.69 | 24.69 | 25.74* | 25.74* | 42.51 | 42.51 | − 2.54 | − 2.54 | − 5.79 | − 5.79 | ||
P3 × P5 | 66.14** | 53.72** | 32.33 | 15.59 | 28.18 | 5.48 | 22.39 | 13.47 | 51.15* | 33.23 | − 4.12 | − 7.64 | 1.18 | − 1.34 | ||
P3 × P6 | 16.52 | 14.53 | 10.24 | − 7.95 | 17.72 | − 7.06 | 12.98 | 0.18 | 61.63** | 39.50 | − 7.67 | − 9.26 | − 5.69 | − 8.31 | ||
P3 × P7 | 19.70 | 18.19 | 19.53 | 6.35 | 15.07 | 2.48 | 27.25 | 9.07 | 9.11 | − 13.75 | − 11.29 | − 21.38 | − 1.83 | − 2.93 | ||
P3 × P8 | 50.95* | 46.97* | 10.90 | 3.43 | 19.10 | 5.49 | 6.79 | 5.05 | 73.74** | 60.23* | − 12.29 | − 13.43 | − 12.69 | − 14.17 | ||
P3 × P9 | − 13.98 | − 19.45 | − 1.33 | − 12.64 | 2.88 | − 14.55 | 6.20 | − 2.29 | 19.46 | − 0.65 | − 1.83 | − 3.84 | − 7.11 | − 7.90 | ||
P4 × P5 | 71.51** | 48.51** | 22.62 | 4.58 | 37.23 | 28.88 | 29.91* | 16.03 | 49.97* | 29.55 | − 2.58 | − 7.22 | − 5.57 | − 5.84 | ||
P4 × P6 | 74.52** | 59.79** | 46.16** | 19.33 | 66.04* | 48.39 | 36.11* | 16.51 | 108.72** | 76.64* | − 3.47 | − 3.99 | − 0.12 | − 4.99 | ||
P4 × P7 | 14.24 | 5.03 | − 0.52 | − 13.63 | 20.85 | 17.30 | 14.27 | − 5.29 | − 20.37 | − 38.12 | − 17.34 | − 25.96 | − 12.74 | − 15.61 | ||
P4 × P8 | 34.10 | 21.70 | 26.45 | 14.90 | 44.43 | 41.06 | 20.11 | 17.22 | 26.79 | 14.46 | 0.65 | − 1.82 | − 6.26 | − 9.85 | ||
P4 × P9 | 46.56** | 45.53** | 48.19** | 28.04 | 71.65** | 62.98* | 46.13** | 29.58* | 15.61 | − 5.62 | 1.48 | − 1.76 | 2.63 | − 0.48 | ||
P5 × P6 | − 2.61 | − 8.44 | 13.46 | 7.61 | 26.37 | 19.82 | 20.06 | 14.38 | 9.74 | 7.10 | − 2.84 | − 7.96 | − 9.00 | − 13.66 | ||
P5 × P7 | 37.76 | 28.97 | 29.99 | 27.28 | 4.88 | − 4.20 | 10.25 | 1.22 | 49.22** | 31.42 | 8.53 | − 6.88 | − 2.44 | − 5.91 | ||
P5 × P8 | 91.43** | 81.65** | 56.76** | 46.05* | 57.78* | 44.94 | 52.34** | 39.1* | 51.94* | 44.60 | − 20.8 | − 22.73 | − 14.93 | − 18.41 | ||
P5 × P9 | 25.67 | 9.47 | 9.99 | 8.29 | 28.87 | 27.39 | 30.04 | 28.98 | 30.97 | 22.42 | − 12.74 | − 14.21 | − 3.09 | − 6.29 | ||
P6 × P7 | 16.64 | 16.11 | 12.57 | 4.66 | 6.06 | − 7.66 | 19.94 | 15.36 | 31.50 | 18.35 | − 2.28 | − 12.05 | − 4.06 | − 5.68 | ||
P6 × P8 | 55.95** | 54.44** | 15.71 | 2.65 | 9.03 | − 4.56 | 7.49 | − 6.05 | 75.20** | 62.92** | − 1.00 | − 3.94 | − 4.78 | − 5.84 | ||
P6 × P9 | 44.04* | 32.74* | 27.75 | 19.40 | 31.04 | 22.90 | 33.13* | 27.83 | 67.02** | 59.80** | − 3.99 | − 7.54 | − 8.05 | − 9.85 | ||
P7 × P8 | 24.35 | 22.59 | 14.78 | 9.09 | 14.26 | 13.54 | 10.58 | − 6.51 | 10.77 | − 6.52 | − 19.99 | − 29.89 | − 14.65 | − 15.15 | ||
P7 × P9 | 62.00** | 49.91** | 35.35 | 34.59 | 49.30* | 37.83 | 44.14* | 33.33 | 89.89** | 78.09** | − 9.79 | − 21.48 | − 7.66 | − 7.91 | ||
P8 × P9 | 49.18** | 36.25** | 9.29 | 3.32 | 31.03 | 21.66 | 17.07 | 6.10 | 49.43* | 33.40 | − 1.11 | − 1.88 | − 7.39 | − 8.18 | ||
Mean | 37.52 | 26.36 | 21.36 | 10.63 | 26.05 | 16.31 | 25.97 | 14.76 | 47.76 | 29.57 | − 9.58 | − 14.87 | − 4.91 | − 7.19 | ||
LSD5% | 358.38 | 413.82 | 92.18 | 106.44 | 41.34 | 47.74 | 5.89 | 6.80 | 35.50 | 40.99 | 2.65 | 3.06 | 1.69 | 1.95 | ||
LSD1% | 472.94 | 546.10 | 121.64 | 140.46 | 54.56 | 63.00 | 7.77 | 8.97 | 46.85 | 54.10 | 3.49 | 4.04 | 2.23 | 2.57 |