Figure 1
From: Profiling gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in critically ill children
Primary and secondary bile acids (a) primary bile acids (Cholic acid (CA), Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and Taurocholic acid (TCA)) in faecal water measured by LC–MS as a ratio of total measured bile acid. (b) secondary bile acids (Deoxycholic Acid (DCA), Lithocholic acid (LCA), Isolithocholic acid (ILCA), Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 3α-Hydroxy,12-Ketolithocholic acid (3a-H,12-KLCA), Taurohyocholic acid (THCA), and Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA)) in faecal water measured by LC–MS as a ratio of total measured bile acid. A significant reduction to the relative concentration of total secondary bile acids versus the total measured bile acid pool was observed for patients sampled at day 1–3 and day 4–7 compared to the control. The median proportion of these secondary bile acids at days 8–10 was comparable to that of the aged-matched controls, but we observed a significant increase of patient bile acids at days 8–10 above the median for patients at day 1–3. (c) the ratio of CA to CDCA, two species of primary bile acids in the human gut. The control samples had a median CA:CDCA ratio of 0.9; the median CA:CDCA ratios on days 1–3, 4–7, an 8–10 in the faecal samples of the critically patients were 4.4, 4.4, and 5.9, respectively. (d) Ratio of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. (e) ratio of CA to DCA in faecal water. The ratio of CA to DCA was elevated in across all patient timepoints compared to the control. Patient samples collected on days 8–10 had lower ratios of CA:DCA than patients at day 1–3. (f) ratio of CDCA to LCA and ILCA. CDCA:LCA ratios were increased compared to controls in patient samples from day 1–3 and day 4–7, returning to control levels at days 8–10. Conover-Iman significance ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05, p > 0.05 = not shown.
