Figure 2
From: A model for simulating emergent patterns of cities and roads on real-world landscapes
The effect of landscape factors on emergent geospatial patterns of both human population distribution and the interconnecting transport network. The underlying space is changed from an idealised flatland condition (a) to a more realistic one by sequentially adding coastlines (b), elevation (c), and water bodies (d), using Italy and its surrounding regions as a case study. By adding these factors, the emergent population pattern produced by the model shifts from a lattice-like Turing pattern with regular population sizes to a markedly heterogeneous distribution (e–h). In parallel, the transport network also emerges between centres of population, as depicted by the net traffic \({\hat{W}}(x)\) passing through each location (see Supplementary Information 3.8 for details) (i–l).
