Figure 6
From: A model for simulating emergent patterns of cities and roads on real-world landscapes
Comparison between the population distribution during the period 1300–1911 and the simulation output from intermediate levels of R. (a–g) As shown in Fig. 5d, the least-cost distance and characteristic transport distance R were varied during the simulation. The intermediate states of the model up to R = 22 km were compared with the estimated population distribution from city population data during the period 1300–186147 (see Methods for the details of the estimates). The population distributions from both the simulation output and the estimated data are aggregated by Provincia using the 1911 regions, as digital shape data is available at this time point. Red bars indicate the estimated populations and blue bars are the simulation output from the Water Bodies scenario. (h) Population distribution at 1911 for Italy (red) and the LTP simulation (blue) at R = 24 km when aggregated at Provincia level in 1911. (i) Quantitative comparison using the KL distance from the model outputs at intermediate values of R to empirical data shown in (a–h).
