Table 1 Summary of the primary study characteristics.
Author | Nishiyama | Kamo | Ichikado | Chung | Ichikado | Rouby |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2020 | 2019 | 2012 | 2011 | 2006 | 2000 |
Country | Japan | Japan | Japan | USA | Japan | France |
Settings | ICU in a university hospital | ICU in a university hospital | ICU in a university hospital | General hospital | ICU in a university hospital | ICU in a university hospital |
Number of patients | 42 | 140 | 85 | 28 | 44 | 71 |
Age (mean, years) | 64.2 ± 17.1 | 67 ± 17 | 75 ± 10 | 57.5 ± 15.0 | 61.8 ± 15.6 | 56 ± 17 |
Data collection | Retrospective | Retrospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Retrospective | Prospective |
Enrolled period | 2011 to 2013 | 2012 to 2015 | 2004 to 2008 | 1998 to 2006 | 2001 to 2002 | 1993 to 1997 |
Definition of ARDS | The Berlin definition | The Berlin definition | The AECC criteria | Histopathological diagnosis of DAD | The AECC criteria | The AECC criteria |
Severity | ||||||
Index | P/F ratio | The Berlin definition | P/F ratio | – | Lung injury score | Lung injury score |
Score | 125.1 ± 57.7 | Mild: 42 Moderate: 71 Severe: 40 | 96.2 ± 45.6 | – | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 |
Gas exchange | ||||||
PaO2 (mean, Torr) | – | – | – | – | – | Lobar attenuations: 110 ± 39 Diffuse attenuations: 76 ± 42 Patchy attenuations: 82 ± 30 |
PaCO2 (mean, Torr) | – | Mild: 41.0 ± 9.6 Moderate: 47.4 ± 18.8 Severe: 46.7 ± 15.7 | – | – | – | Lobar attenuations: 42 ± 6 Diffuse attenuations: 49 ± 11 Patchy attenuations: 47 ± 8 |
Aetiology of ARDS (%) | Aspiration (23.8%), Pneumonia (21.4%), Sepsis (16.7%), Surgery (11.9%), Trauma (4.8%), Others (21.4%) | Pneumonia (37%), Aspiration (28%), Sepsis (6.5%) | Pneumonia (37.6%), Sepsis (28.2%), Pulmonary (12.9%), Extrapulmonary (15.2%), Others (25.9) | Pneumonia (28.6%), Sepsis (10.7%), Aspiration (7.1%), Pancreatitis (7.1%), Drug reaction (7.1%), Recent major surgery (7.1%) | Pneumonia (36%), Sepsis (16%), Aspiration (7%), Postoperative (7%), Drug related (7%), Near drowning (5%), Pancreatitis (2%), Unknown (20%) | Primary ARDS (69.0%), Secondary ARDS (28.2%), ARDS of both origins (2.8%) |
Index test | ||||||
CT modality | 64-Row MDCT | 320-Row MDCT | Various CT/MDCT systems | Various CT/MDCT systems | Various CT/MDCT systems | 4-Row MDCT |
CT findings | Well-aerated lung region/pTLC | HRCT score | HRCT score | Affected lung | CT score | Diffuse attenuations |
Positive cutoff value | < 40% | > 210 | > 210 | > 80% | > 230 | – |
Timing of imaging | At diagnosis | Within 48 h of diagnosis | At diagnosis | Within 14 days of histopathological diagnosis | Within 7 days of diagnosis | – |
Reference standard | 30-Day mortality | 30-Day mortality | 60-Day mortality | In-hospital mortality | In-hospital mortality | In-hospital mortality |
