Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline of the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (1999).
Physical activity (%) | F&V intake (%) | Combined physical activity and F&V intake (%) | Cognitive decline (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate | High | Both low | Both high | Only high PA | Only high FV | Other | Yes | ||
Sex (%) | |||||||||||||
Men | 51.0 | 35.7 | 11.2 | 53.1 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 77.7 | 5.3 | 42.7 | 8.5 | 34.7 | 8.8 | 11.4 |
Women | 49.0 | 42.8 | 11.7 | 45.5 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 82.3 | 3.6 | 37.6 | 4.9 | 44.3 | 9.6 | 22.8 |
Age (%) | |||||||||||||
53–64 | 61.2 | 46.3 | 12.6 | 41.1 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 80.9 | 4.5 | 34.6 | 5.2 | 45.9 | 9.8 | 13.6 |
65–74 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 9.6 | 61.3 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 80.4 | 4.2 | 49.0 | 7.9 | 31.0 | 7.9 | 22.8 |
≧ 75 | 6.8 | 24.8 | 9.9 | 65.3 | 10.9 | 17.8 | 71.3 | 5.0 | 47.5 | 13.9 | 23.8 | 9.9 | 22.8 |
Education (%) | |||||||||||||
≦ 6 | 75.2 | 45.3 | 10.2 | 44.5 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 76.7 | 5.2 | 34.2 | 7.3 | 42.2 | 11.2 | 19.4 |
7–12 | 17.8 | 23.4 | 13.6 | 63.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 88.6 | 2.3 | 56.6 | 5.7 | 31.7 | 3.8 | 7.5 |
≧ 13 | 7.0 | 15.2 | 20.0 | 64.8 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 94.3 | 1.9 | 61.9 | 1.9 | 32.4 | 1.9 | 17.1 |
Marriage (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 79.2 | 39.4 | 10.8 | 49.8 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 81.6 | 3.9 | 40.8 | 6.5 | 40.5 | 8.3 | 15.6 |
No | 20.8 | 39.0 | 13.9 | 47.1 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 74.4 | 6.5 | 37.4 | 7.1 | 36.5 | 12.6 | 23.2 |
Smoking (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 21.4 | 45.5 | 11.6 | 42.9 | 17.0 | 15.8 | 67.2 | 10.3 | 33.5 | 10.0 | 33.2 | 12.9 | 10.7 |
No | 78.6 | 37.6 | 11.4 | 50.9 | 7.3 | 9.2 | 83.6 | 2.8 | 41.9 | 5.7 | 41.4 | 8.2 | 18.9 |
Drinking (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 28.0 | 35.4 | 12.7 | 51.9 | 13.3 | 9.9 | 76.9 | 6.2 | 41.6 | 10.0 | 34.7 | 7.4 | 10.8 |
No | 72.0 | 40.8 | 11.0 | 48.2 | 7.9 | 10.8 | 81.3 | 3.7 | 39.5 | 5.3 | 41.6 | 9.9 | 19.7 |
Hypertension (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 27.8 | 29.7 | 13.0 | 57.2 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 82.6 | 2.4 | 47.1 | 6.5 | 35.3 | 8.7 | 17.9 |
No | 72.2 | 43.0 | 10.9 | 46.1 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 79.1 | 5.2 | 37.4 | 6.7 | 41.3 | 9.4 | 16.9 |
Diabetes (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 8.0 | 31.7 | 16.7 | 51.7 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 84.2 | 3.3 | 42.5 | 1.7 | 41.7 | 10.8 | 23.3 |
No | 92.0 | 40.0 | 11.0 | 49.0 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 79.7 | 4.5 | 39.9 | 7.1 | 39.5 | 9.0 | 16.6 |
Heart disease (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 14.6 | 33.6 | 16.6 | 49.8 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 78.1 | 6.0 | 41.5 | 6.0 | 35.9 | 10.6 | 19.8 |
No | 85.4 | 40.3 | 10.6 | 49.1 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 80.4 | 4.2 | 39.9 | 6.8 | 40.3 | 8.9 | 16.7 |
Stroke (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 1.7 | 44.0 | 8.0 | 48.0 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 83.3 | 8.0 | 36.0 | 8.0 | 44.0 | 4.0 | 12.0 |
No | 98.3 | 39.2 | 11.5 | 49.2 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 80.0 | 4.4 | 40.2 | 6.6 | 39.6 | 9.3 | 17.3 |
Cancer (%) | |||||||||||||
Yes | 2.1 | 25.0 | 18.8 | 56.3 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 84.4 | 3.1 | 50.0 | 3.1 | 34.4 | 9.4 | 15.6 |
No | 97.9 | 39.6 | 11.3 | 49.1 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 80.0 | 4.5 | 39.9 | 6.7 | 39.8 | 9.2 | 17.2 |
Tea consumption (%) | |||||||||||||
< 3 | 64.1 | 40.7 | 11.8 | 47.5 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 79.1 | 4.3 | 37.5 | 6.7 | 41.3 | 10.1 | 19.5 |
≧ 3 | 35.9 | 36.8 | 10.7 | 52.4 | 7.7 | 10.5 | 81.8 | 4.3 | 44.7 | 6.6 | 37.0 | 7.3 | 13.2 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | |||||||||||||
No | 87.4 | 37.3 | 10.0 | 52.7 | 7.9 | 10.2 | 81.8 | 3.5 | 43.5 | 7.0 | 38.1 | 8.0 | 15.7 |
Yes | 12.6 | 48.3 | 17.8 | 33.9 | 21.4 | 10.4 | 68.2 | 10.3 | 23.0 | 6.9 | 44.8 | 14.9 | 25.3 |
Life satisfaction (%) | |||||||||||||
Un-satisfied | 36.0 | 45.7 | 11.9 | 42.3 | 14.3 | 14.1 | 71.6 | 7.7 | 30.6 | 8.7 | 40.5 | 12.6 | 21.7 |
Satisfied | 64.0 | 34.4 | 10.3 | 55.2 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 85.7 | 2.3 | 48.3 | 5.5 | 37.3 | 6.7 | 14.9 |
