Figure 4
From: Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate enhances adipocyte function
3HBA exerts beneficial effects on adipocytes by reducing ROS levels via augmentation of antioxidative stress factors and inducing PPARγ, insulin signaling, and lipogenic factors in vitro. On day 7 after 3T3-L1 adipocytes were differentiated, the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were maintained in serum-free DMEM composed of 2.5 mM glucose and 0 mM or 10 mM 3HBA for 24 h. On day 8 after differentiation, the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were additively stimulated with 1 nM insulin for 24 h, followed by harvesting on day 9 after differentiation. (a–f) qRT–PCR of Hmgcs2 and antioxidative stress factors. n = 3. (g) Cellular ROS detected by 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. n = 3. (h and i) qRT–PCR of PPARγ (h) and adiponectin (i). n = 3. (j) Western blot of pAkt and β-Actin. Left panel; Representative western blot analysis. Right panel; Quantitative analysis of pAkt in the left panel. n = 3. (k–o) qRT–PCR of lipogenic factors. n = 3. (p) Oil red O stain (OD = 492 nm). n = 3. (q) Western blot of lipogenic factors and β-Actin. n = 3. Here cropped blots were displayed and all full-length blots are included in the Supplementary Figure S4. Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. A.U., Arbitrary Unit.
