Table 3 In vivo IFN-ү production induced by the chosen liposome formulations.

From: Development of a rapid in vitro pre-screen for distinguishing effective liposome-adjuvant delivery systems

Study 1

Liposome

IFN-γ production1

IFN-γ production (% of DDA:TDB)

In vivo strength

IFN-γ production2

IFN-γ production (% of DDA:TDB)

In vivo strength

IFN-γ production3

IFN-γ production (% of DDA:TDB)

In vivo strength

   

DDA:TDB

 ~ 4 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (> 3.2 ng/ml)

140 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (112 ng/ml)

 > 20 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (16 ng/ml)

   

DDA:DSPC:TDB

 ~ 2.5 ng/ml

63%

++50–79% (> 3.2 ng/ml)

         

DDA:DSPC:TDB (50%)

 ~ 1.5 ng/ml

38%

+ < 50% (< 2 ng/ml)

         

DSPC:TDB

 < 1 ng/ml (NS to Ag alone)

25%

+ < 50% (< 2 ng/ml)

   

 < 5 ng/ml (NS to Ag alone)

25%

+ < 50% (10 ng/ml)

   

DOTAP:TDB

   

20 ng/ml

14%

+ < 50% (70 ng/ml)

      

DC-Chol:TDB

   

20 ng/ml

14%

+ < 50% (70 ng/ml)

      

Study 2

Liposome

IFN-γ production1

% of DDA:TDB

In vivo strength

IFN-γ production2

% of DDA:TDB

In vivo strength

IFN-γ production3

% of DDA:TDB

In vivo strength

IFN-γ production4

% of DDA:TDB

In vivo strength

DDA:TDB

 ~ 1.8 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (1.44 ng/ml)

 ~ 1.6 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (1.28 ng/ml)

 ~ 110 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (88 ng/ml)

 ~ 100 ng/ml

100%

+++ > 80% (80 ng/ml)

DDA alone

      

 ~ 20 ng/ml

18%

+ < 50% (55 ng/ml)

 ~ 20 ng/ml

20%

+ < 50% (50 ng/ml)

DDA:TDB:PEG25%

 ~ 0.5 ng/ml

28%

+ < 50% (< 0.9 ng/ml)

         

DDA:CHOL18:TDB

   

 ~ 1.2 ng/ml

75%

++50–79% (0.8 ng/ml)

      

DDA:CHOL31:TDB

   

 ~ 0.8 ng/ml

50%

++50–79% (0.8 ng/ml)

      
  1. The tables below show the amount of IFN-ү produced from splenocytes of mice, after immunisation with a TB vaccine antigen, adjuvanted with the discussed liposome formulations. Each of the papers investigated the immune efficacy of the liposome formulations alongside DDA:TDB, therefore an IFN-ү production as a percentage of DDA:TDB was calculated for each of the liposomes within each paper. In order to calculate a percentage of DDA:TDB result, responses induced by DDA:TDB were taken as 100%, the responses of the other liposome formulations were then calculated as a percentage of the DDA:TDB response. The percentages were categorised into three levels of in vivo efficacy; strong efficacy ‘+++’ > 80% of DDA:TDB, intermediate efficacy ‘++’ 50–79% of DDA:TDB and weak efficacy ‘+’ < 50%. Study 1 references: 1Hussain et al.33. 2Henriksen-Lacey et al.21. 3Henriksen-lacey et al.28. Study 2 references: 1Kaur et al.34; 2Kaur et al.35; 3Henriksen et al.21; 4Davidsen et al.18.