Table 3 Summary of PERMANOVA on beta diversity indices across ASD and TD groups.

From: Disentangling the relationship of gut microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders and autism: a case–control study on prepubertal Chinese boys

Comparison

df

Bray–Curtis dissimilarity

Unweighted UniFrac distance

Weighted UniFrac distance

Group 1

Group 2

Factor

F

p

p (adjusted)

F

p

p (adjusted)

F

p

p (adjusted)

ASD

TD

Group

1

2.899

< 0.001

< 0.001

4.510

< 0.001

< 0.001

8.064

< 0.001

 < 0.001

residuals

202

         

ASD FGID−

TD FGID−

Group

1

2.472

< 0.001

< 0.001

3.559

< 0.001

< 0.001

6.692

< 0.001

0.001

residuals

140

         

ASD FGID+

TD FGID+

Group

1

1.427

0.028

0.035

2.181

< 0.001

0.002

2.268

0.034

0.042

residuals

60

         

ASD FGID+

ASD FGID−

FGID

1

1.140

0.21

0.253

1.943

0.016

0.014

1.368

0.229

0.194

residuals

90

         

TD FGID+

TD FGID−

FGID

1

1.194

0.187

0.17

1.469

0.043

0.036

1.024

0.364

0.372

residuals

110

         
  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder, TD Typically Developing, FGID Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder. Permutations = 1000 with statistical adjustment for usage of psychiatric medications, unhealthy diet, fibre intake and main nutrient intake.
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