Figure 4
Mean musculotendinous contributions to the bodyweight (BW) normalised ground reaction force (GRF) for the landing phase (initial contact to peak knee flexion) of a single-leg drop landing from a 0.31 m height. Vectors oriented upward and to the right indicate superiorly and anteriorly directed GRFs, respectively. Grey vectors represent the net GRF measured from ground embedded force plate, whilst blue vector indicates muscle contributions as follows: All muscles, sum of all musculotendinous actuators in the model; SOLEUS, soleus; VASTI, vasti (sum of vastus intermedius, lateralis and medialis); GAS, gastrocnemius (sum of lateral and medial gastrocnemius) RECFEM, rectus femoris; GMAX, gluteus maximus; DORSI, ankle dorsiflexors (sum of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis and digitorum longus); HAM, biarticular hamstrings (sum of biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus); BFSH, biceps femoris short head.
